I'll see if I can relate this simply and correctly. Basically, in answer to your question, the staff can work with the team once classes start and before team practice starts for a maximum of 8 hours per week on "required weight training, conditioning and skill-related instruction". No more than 4 of these hours may be on skill-related instruction. Starting forty-two days prior to the first scheduled contest a team can begin on-court practice, but may not engage in more than 30 days of countable athletically related activities before its first regular-season contest.
"A student-athlete’s participation in countable athletically related activities (see Bylaw 17.02.1) shall be limited to a maximum of four hours per day and 20 hours per week."
There are a number of other limitations such as required days off both off season and in season, but I think the answer to the basic question is 8 hours per week before on-court practice starts and 20 hours per week, no more than 4 hours per day once on-court practice starts.
In answer to the second part of your question, the team will have roughly 136 hours of practice time available before the Notre Dame game. But the actual total is also affected by the fact that a number of "countable activities" are not practice. Things such as video review, promotional activities are countable activities.
"Countable athletically related activities include any required activity with an athletics purpose involving student-athletes and at the direction of, or supervised by, one or more of an institution’s coaching staff (including strength and conditioning coaches) and must be counted within the weekly and daily limitations under Bylaws 17.1.7.1 and 17.1.7.2."
Another thing that adds to the confusion to which you alluded is that fans tend to talk in what I call "fuzzy language". Although the NCAA regs , in my opinion, leave a fair amount of leeway for interpretation, the language is very specific. For example, "skill-related instruction" is not practice, although it looks very much like what you and I would refer to as "practice", hence the confusion, in my opinion.
I hope I am correct and that this explanation helps answer your question.
Jim