not sure how I can be accused of being liberal. Tell me where in the wording of the amendment a child born to non-citizens can be denied citizenship. Show me the words in the amendment. It's not a matter of interpretation. It is 'where' in the wording.
The irony in your view on this is that you are taking what is considered an 'activist' viewpoint. Seeing your previous comments on activist judges I am not sure you would care to be labeled as such.
We're arguing strict constructionist, originalist, developmentalist, and activist in terms here.
I'm not accusing you of anything other than expressing the liberal view of the issue.
Right and an activist judge led the way in the Wong decision in direct opposition to the 14th amendment as written and by the views stated by it's writers, in direct opposition of the previous Slaughterhouse decision while ignoring the definitions of the leading legal dictionary of that time.
The 14th amendment was written and passed to insure that those people who had previously been slaves would have full citizenship rights.
Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
A British citizen visiting the USA is still subject to the jurisdiction of Britian. So Fatima from Somaliland either legally or illegally visiting America is still a subject of the state from which she comes and if she gives birth while here, her baby
IS NOT entitled to American citizenship.
As written and ratified, the 14th Amendment was never intended to grant citizenship to the children of foreign subjects, whether they were here legally or not. Senator Jacob Howard, a co-author of the Citizenship Clause offered his interpretation in 1866:
"Every Person born within the limits of the United States, and subject to their jurisdiction, is by virtue of natural law and national law a citizen of the United States. This will not, of course, include persons born in the United States who are foreigners, aliens, who belong to the families of ambassadors or foreign ministers accredited to the Government of the United States, but will include every other class of persons."
This question was addressed in the first Supreme Court interpretation of the 14th Amendment on record, The Slaughterhouse Cases, 83 U.S. 36 (1872) (USSC). The author of the majority opinion was a contemporary of those who drafted and debated the Amendment. The following text is from the majority opinion written by the Chief Justice:
MILLER, J., Opinion of the Court:
"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside."
The phrase, "subject to its jurisdiction" was intended to
exclude from its operation children of ministers, consuls, and
citizens or subjects of foreign States born within the United States.
At the time we had no illegal immigrant problem nor millions of anchor babies who have wrongly been granted American citizenship.
Section 5 cedes control of implementing its provisions back to Congress;
"The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.".
Congress is responsible for addressing the issue and correcting bad executive branch and state dempartment policy.
The majority opinion, (Slaughterhouse) because it was contemporaneous with the ratification of the 14th Amendment,
records the understanding of those who drafted, passed, and ratified the Amendment.
Here come da judge:
US v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) threw out Miller's opinion saying effectively that it didn't matter because the majority was going to redefine the phrase, "subject to the jurisdiction," as they saw fit, which is consistent with the behavior of the corporate attorneys who dominated the Supreme Court in those days.
Members of the majority in the wrong wong decision:
One member of the court was George Shiras who was a prominent railroad lawyer with
no prior judicial experience and friend to corporate railroad barons with a rather keen interest in retaining Chinese coolies.
Another was Rufus Peckham, infamous inventor of the now-discredited term, "substantive due process," used to invalidate a state statute.
The author of the majority opinion was Horace Gray, a buddy of Brandeis, Holmes, and other noted court activists and a big fan of paper money.
Then there was Yalie David Brewer, founder of the American Society of International Law, peace advocate, and judicial activist toward using the court to supersede State laws.
Another Yalie was Henry Brown, a huge fan of the use of Admiralty Law as a regulatory means, even though he hired a substitute to serve in the military for him in the Civil War. Author of Plessy v. Ferguson.
The The dissenting opinion to this travesty was vigorous, a work that rings with predictions of the consequences we see today. It was
written by Chief Justice Melville Fuller, a big fan of Thomas Cooleys Treatise on Constitutional Limitations and a champion of individual property rights. Joining him was John Marshall Harlan, who had the temerity to oppose broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause and opposed Plessy v. Ferguson. (Justice McKenna did not participate as he was newly confirmed.)
Fuller's dissent began with simple logic, which should have been enough to collapse the opposition were they not committed to corrupted ends:
"If the conclusion of the majority opinion is correct, then the children of citizens of the United States, who have been born abroad since July 28, 1868, when the amendment was declared ratified, were and are aliens, unless they have or shall, on attaining majority, become citizens by naturalization in the United States; and no statutory provision to the contrary is of any force or effect. And children who are aliens by descent, but born on our soil, are exempted from the exercise of the power to exclude or to expel aliens, or any class of aliens, so often maintained by this court,- an exemption apparently disregarded by the acts in respect of the exclusion of persons of Chinese descent."
It's pretty strong language for a Supreme Court Justice. He has good reason. Citizenship appertains exclusively to the allegiance of parentage, else the choices and preferences of those parents as legitimately exercised under law, including changing citizenship by naturalization, is not something so easily superseded unless the State has a claim on the baby superseding the allegiances of the parents!!! Allegiances of parentage are not so easily transgressed in law as one might suppose either. Back to the dissenting opinion:
Twiss, in his work on the Law of Nations, says that 'natural allegiance, or the obligation of perpetual obedience to the government of a country, wherein a man may happen to have been born, which he cannot forfeit or cancel or vary by any change of time or place or circumstance, is the creature of civil law, and finds no countenance in the law of nations, as it is in direct conflict with the incontestable rule of that law.' Volume 1, p. 231.
Comprende??? See where I'm coming from yet??
As an addendum, this court was also responsible for Santa Clara v. Southern Pacific (118 U.S. 394 (1886)).
A headnote, written by the court clerk after the decision and having NOTHING to do with the case, supposedly established equal protection for fictitious persons, (corporations), which may in fact have been railroad lawyers. It has been used against we the people of the United States since that time in the interests of wll streaters et al.
I've been jumping up and down for over twenty years that this needs to be brought up before the SCOTUS, clarified and thrown out. Simply put, corporations DO NOT have the same rights as individual citizens, no matter how you cut it.
Interestingly, that self same court clerk, Court Reporter J. C. Bancroft Davis, was a corporate socialist, a student of Marx, and had a record of falsifying documents. So to ignore Chief Justice Miller's interpretation in the Slaughterhouse Cases while adhering to a clerk's headnote in Santa Clara v. Southern Pacific
makes a mockery of jurisprudence, "settled law" notwithstanding.
All this adds up to the corporatists (and their puppets) now running the executive branch of our govenment and fanatically supported by democrats (and some republicans when they're needed) in congress to rob us the people and the next several generations of our offspring.
Fascism should more appropriately be called Corporatism because it is a merger of state and corporate power
Benito Mussolini