farmersdaughter
im not dickens
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The Civil War Day By Day Sesquicentennial Thread
- Thread starter JTrainDavis
- Start date
farmersdaughter
im not dickens
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- Jan 29, 2011
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April 17 1862
The National forces under General Banks this morning occupied Mount Jackson, Va. The rebels resisted the Union advance in order to gain time for the destruction of bridges, railway cars, engines, and other material which had accumulated at the terminus of the road, but the movement of the National troops was so sudden that they made a precipitate retreat, and much of the property already prepared for conflagration was captured. In this movement Col. Carrolls brigade of Gen Shieldss division led the advance on the back road to the rear of Mount Jackson, and Gen. McCall on the turnpike. Gen. Williams, with his main division, brought up the reserved column.
In the confederate House of Representatives, at Richmond, Va., a committee appointed to investigate the Roanoke Island disaster, presented a voluminous report which concludes by saying that: Whatever blame or responsibility is justly attributable to any one for the defeat of our troops at Roanoke Island on the eighth of February last, should attach to Major-General Huger and Mr. Benjamin, the late Secretary of War.Charleston Mercury, April 18.
Major General Philip Kearney
This morning, in pursuance of orders received during the night, a heavy mounted force, consisting of the Second Indiana, two Illinois, two Kentucky, and two Ohio cavalry regiments, making together about four thousand, assembled upon the upper road from Pittsburgh Landing to Corinth, Miss., in the vicinity of Gen. Shermans headquarters, with two days rations for men and animals. Shortly after nine oclock Brig.-Gen. Smith, Chief of cavalry, upon Gen. Hallecks staff, appeared with his Aids, and after a brief inspection, the mounted column was set in motion with the Second Indiana cavalry, Lieut.-Col. McCook commanding, in the advance. Having followed the upper road past the outmost pickets, and within two miles of Monterey, the Second Indiana and the Eleventh Illinois were dismounted and deployed as skirmishers on the right and left of the roads, and ordered to advance. The line of skirmishers had moved forward about half a mile when it came upon the pickets of the rebels, and a lively exchange of shots at once commenced. The National skirmishers steadily advanced, driving the rebels before them, until they came within range of a strong body of infantry supposed to number about two thousand, when they were ordered to fall back upon the main body, which wheeled about and returned. The only casualties on the Union side were: First Sergeant Richardson of company D, Second Indiana cavalry, killed, and a private of the same regiment, and a lieutenant in the Eleventh Illinois, slightly wounded. Half-a-dozen horses were also disabled. Sergeant Richardson was a man of unusual intelligence and good standing at home, who had enlisted from purely patriotic motives. For some unexplained reason his body was abandoned to the enemy.N. Y. Tribune, April 30.
New-market, Va.,[1] was occupied by the troops under the command of Gen. Banks. The rebels attempted to make a stand on their retreat, but were compelled to fly. Major Copeland, with a small party of cavalry, charged through the town in pursuit of the rebels. Lieut. OBrien, of Ashbys rebel cavalry, was captured, together with a large body of prisoners.General Bankss Despatch.Philadelphia Press, April 18.
At Providence, R. I., one hundred guns were fired in honor of Emancipation in the District of Columbia.New-York Tribune, April 18.
A skirmish took place on the dry fork of the Holly River, in Western Virginia, in which two guerrillas were killed and three of the National troops, under Lieut.-Col. Harris, of the Tenth regiment of Virginia, were wounded.New-York Times, April 19.
Yesterday morning the rebels, with one thousand men, commenced to strengthen a battery located about three miles to the left of Yorktown, when a battery was brought to bear, causing them to beat a hasty retreat. The rebels opened with their heavy guns, when a second battery was brought forward. A brisk fire was kept up for about four hours, during which three of the rebels guns were dismounted, when both parties ceased for a while, but was resumed by the Nationals late in the afternoon, and continued till daylight this morning, effectually preventing the rebels from repairing the damage they had sustained. The Union loss was Sergeant Baker, Second Michigan, killed; and F. Page, company K, Third Michigan regiment, both feet shot off New-York Tribune, April 18.
The Richmond Whig of this date says: Congress has already declared that every military officer must give up his commission or his seat in Congress. But we hear of but one resignation. Why is this? If individual members choose to disregard the expected judgment of the body, it is time that the Houses should practically assert their authority, and compel the recusants to do one thing or the other.
There is something very revolting to our notions of propriety in any mans drawing two large salaries from the Treasury in this hour of our countrys need. A colonel, we believe, draws about two thousand seven hundred dollars per annum for his military services; and as a member of Congress he draws two thousand seven hundred and sixty dollars more! He is thus drawing about five thousand four hundred dollars per annum from the public treasury! The difference between ancient and modern patriotism seems to be this: Washington drew no salary our modern Washingtons draw two!
The country needs every dollar it can raise for defence, and this system of double salaries should be stopped. The law of the United States forbade any man from drawing two salaries. Did not our Congress adopt the law when it adopted all the laws of the United States which were applicable to our condition? This should be looked into, and this leak should be closed.
Tins day is the first anniversary of the passage of the Ordinance of Secession by the Virginia Convention. It may be that we cant afford to burn powder in firing a salute in commemoration of the occasion, but, as suggested the other day, the flags of the State and Confederacy can be displayed by way of observance of the anniversary.Richmond Whig, April 17.
The steamers Minnehaha and Patton were fired into by the rebels, while ascending the Tennessee River with United States troops. One man was killed on the Minnehaha, and one wounded. No one was injured on the other vessel. The troops from the Minnehaha landed, and burned a row of wooden buildings on the bluffs near which the firing originated.Chicago Tribune, April 19.
In the Union lines, at Yorktown, Va., at three oclock this afternoon, as Lieut. O. G. Wagoner, of the Topographical corps, and four others, were making sketches of the rebels works opposite Weeds Mills, a shell was thrown at them from one of the enemys guns. It struck just in front of the table, around which they were seated, killing one man outright, fatally injuring another, and wounding the other two.
The Memphis Appeal, of this date, says that the confederate losses at the battle of Shiloh do not exceed one thousand killed, five thousand wounded, and nine hundred taken prisoners, and ascribes the defeat on the second day to the whiskey found in the Federal encampments on the previous night.
[1] New-Market is a post-village of Shenandoah County, In Virginia, and is situated near the borders or Rockingham County, about eight miles from Mount Jackson, nearly twenty miles from Woodstock, over thirty miles from Strasburg, about ninety-three miles from Manassas Junction, about one hundred and twenty miles from Alexandria, and one hundred and fifty miles to the north-west of Richmond.
The National forces under General Banks this morning occupied Mount Jackson, Va. The rebels resisted the Union advance in order to gain time for the destruction of bridges, railway cars, engines, and other material which had accumulated at the terminus of the road, but the movement of the National troops was so sudden that they made a precipitate retreat, and much of the property already prepared for conflagration was captured. In this movement Col. Carrolls brigade of Gen Shieldss division led the advance on the back road to the rear of Mount Jackson, and Gen. McCall on the turnpike. Gen. Williams, with his main division, brought up the reserved column.
In the confederate House of Representatives, at Richmond, Va., a committee appointed to investigate the Roanoke Island disaster, presented a voluminous report which concludes by saying that: Whatever blame or responsibility is justly attributable to any one for the defeat of our troops at Roanoke Island on the eighth of February last, should attach to Major-General Huger and Mr. Benjamin, the late Secretary of War.Charleston Mercury, April 18.
Major General Philip Kearney
This morning, in pursuance of orders received during the night, a heavy mounted force, consisting of the Second Indiana, two Illinois, two Kentucky, and two Ohio cavalry regiments, making together about four thousand, assembled upon the upper road from Pittsburgh Landing to Corinth, Miss., in the vicinity of Gen. Shermans headquarters, with two days rations for men and animals. Shortly after nine oclock Brig.-Gen. Smith, Chief of cavalry, upon Gen. Hallecks staff, appeared with his Aids, and after a brief inspection, the mounted column was set in motion with the Second Indiana cavalry, Lieut.-Col. McCook commanding, in the advance. Having followed the upper road past the outmost pickets, and within two miles of Monterey, the Second Indiana and the Eleventh Illinois were dismounted and deployed as skirmishers on the right and left of the roads, and ordered to advance. The line of skirmishers had moved forward about half a mile when it came upon the pickets of the rebels, and a lively exchange of shots at once commenced. The National skirmishers steadily advanced, driving the rebels before them, until they came within range of a strong body of infantry supposed to number about two thousand, when they were ordered to fall back upon the main body, which wheeled about and returned. The only casualties on the Union side were: First Sergeant Richardson of company D, Second Indiana cavalry, killed, and a private of the same regiment, and a lieutenant in the Eleventh Illinois, slightly wounded. Half-a-dozen horses were also disabled. Sergeant Richardson was a man of unusual intelligence and good standing at home, who had enlisted from purely patriotic motives. For some unexplained reason his body was abandoned to the enemy.N. Y. Tribune, April 30.
New-market, Va.,[1] was occupied by the troops under the command of Gen. Banks. The rebels attempted to make a stand on their retreat, but were compelled to fly. Major Copeland, with a small party of cavalry, charged through the town in pursuit of the rebels. Lieut. OBrien, of Ashbys rebel cavalry, was captured, together with a large body of prisoners.General Bankss Despatch.Philadelphia Press, April 18.
At Providence, R. I., one hundred guns were fired in honor of Emancipation in the District of Columbia.New-York Tribune, April 18.
A skirmish took place on the dry fork of the Holly River, in Western Virginia, in which two guerrillas were killed and three of the National troops, under Lieut.-Col. Harris, of the Tenth regiment of Virginia, were wounded.New-York Times, April 19.
Yesterday morning the rebels, with one thousand men, commenced to strengthen a battery located about three miles to the left of Yorktown, when a battery was brought to bear, causing them to beat a hasty retreat. The rebels opened with their heavy guns, when a second battery was brought forward. A brisk fire was kept up for about four hours, during which three of the rebels guns were dismounted, when both parties ceased for a while, but was resumed by the Nationals late in the afternoon, and continued till daylight this morning, effectually preventing the rebels from repairing the damage they had sustained. The Union loss was Sergeant Baker, Second Michigan, killed; and F. Page, company K, Third Michigan regiment, both feet shot off New-York Tribune, April 18.
The Richmond Whig of this date says: Congress has already declared that every military officer must give up his commission or his seat in Congress. But we hear of but one resignation. Why is this? If individual members choose to disregard the expected judgment of the body, it is time that the Houses should practically assert their authority, and compel the recusants to do one thing or the other.
There is something very revolting to our notions of propriety in any mans drawing two large salaries from the Treasury in this hour of our countrys need. A colonel, we believe, draws about two thousand seven hundred dollars per annum for his military services; and as a member of Congress he draws two thousand seven hundred and sixty dollars more! He is thus drawing about five thousand four hundred dollars per annum from the public treasury! The difference between ancient and modern patriotism seems to be this: Washington drew no salary our modern Washingtons draw two!
The country needs every dollar it can raise for defence, and this system of double salaries should be stopped. The law of the United States forbade any man from drawing two salaries. Did not our Congress adopt the law when it adopted all the laws of the United States which were applicable to our condition? This should be looked into, and this leak should be closed.
Tins day is the first anniversary of the passage of the Ordinance of Secession by the Virginia Convention. It may be that we cant afford to burn powder in firing a salute in commemoration of the occasion, but, as suggested the other day, the flags of the State and Confederacy can be displayed by way of observance of the anniversary.Richmond Whig, April 17.
The steamers Minnehaha and Patton were fired into by the rebels, while ascending the Tennessee River with United States troops. One man was killed on the Minnehaha, and one wounded. No one was injured on the other vessel. The troops from the Minnehaha landed, and burned a row of wooden buildings on the bluffs near which the firing originated.Chicago Tribune, April 19.
In the Union lines, at Yorktown, Va., at three oclock this afternoon, as Lieut. O. G. Wagoner, of the Topographical corps, and four others, were making sketches of the rebels works opposite Weeds Mills, a shell was thrown at them from one of the enemys guns. It struck just in front of the table, around which they were seated, killing one man outright, fatally injuring another, and wounding the other two.
The Memphis Appeal, of this date, says that the confederate losses at the battle of Shiloh do not exceed one thousand killed, five thousand wounded, and nine hundred taken prisoners, and ascribes the defeat on the second day to the whiskey found in the Federal encampments on the previous night.
[1] New-Market is a post-village of Shenandoah County, In Virginia, and is situated near the borders or Rockingham County, about eight miles from Mount Jackson, nearly twenty miles from Woodstock, over thirty miles from Strasburg, about ninety-three miles from Manassas Junction, about one hundred and twenty miles from Alexandria, and one hundred and fifty miles to the north-west of Richmond.
farmersdaughter
im not dickens
- Joined
- Jan 29, 2011
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- 9,371
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I found this site and thought it was interesting. I will try to remember to post a list of the battles and casualties at the first of the months
JANUARY, 1862
1-Port Royal, SC
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 10 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
4-Huntersville, VA
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 1 Killed, 7 Wounded
Bath, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 30 Wounded
Calhoun, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 10 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 30 Wounded
7-Blue Gap, VA -or-
Romney, VA
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 15 Killed, 0 Wounded
Jennies' Creek, KY -or-
Paintsville, KY
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 6 Killed, 14 Wounded
8-Charleston, MO
U.S.A.- 8 Killed, 16 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Dry Forks, W.VA -or-
Cheat River, W.VA
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 6 Wounded
C.S.A.- 6 Killed, 0 Wounded
Silver Creek, MO -or-
Sugar Creek, MO
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 6 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 80 Wounded
9-Columbus, MO
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
10-Middle Creek, KY -or-
Prestonburg, KY
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 25 Wounded
C.S.A.- 40 Killed, 0 Wounded
19-Mill Springs, KY -or-
to Logan's Cross Roads, KY
20-U.S.A.- 38 Killed, 194 Wounded
C.S.A.- 190 Killed, 160 Wounded
Gen. F.K.Zolicoffer Killed
22-Knob Noster, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
29-Occoquan Bridge, VA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 4 Wounded
C.S.A.- 10 Killed, 0 Wounded
FEBRUARY, 1862
1-Bowling Green, KY
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 2 Wounded
6-Fort Henry, TN -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 40 Wounded
C.S.A.- 5 Killed, 11 Wounded
8-Linn Creek, VA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 8 Killed, 7 Wounded
Roanoak Island, NC -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 35 Killed, 200 Wounded
C.S.A.- 16 Killed, 39 Wounded
2527 Missing or Captured
10-Elizabeth City, NC -or-
Cobb's Point, NC -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
13-Blooming Gap, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 5 Wounded
C.S.A.- 13 Killed, 0 Wounded
14-Flat Lick Fords, KY
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 4 Killed, 4 Wounded
14-Fort Donelson, TN
to U.S.A.- 446 Killed,1735 Wounded
16- Maj.Gen. J.A.Logan Killed
C.S.A.- 231 Killed,1007 Wounded
13829 Missing or Captured
17-Sugar Creek, MO -or-
Pea Ridge, MO
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 9 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
18-Independence, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 4 Killed, 5 Wounded
21-Fort Craig, NM -or-
Valverde, NM
U.S.A.- 62 Killed, 140 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 150 Wounded
24-Mason's Neck, VA -or-
Occoquan, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
26-Keytesville, MO
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
MARCH, 1862
2-Pittsburgh Landing, TN -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 5 Wounded
C.S.A.- 20 Killed, 200 Wounded
3-New Madrid, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
5-Occoquan, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
6-Pea Ridge, AR -or-
Elkhorn Tavern, AR
U.S.A.- 203 Killed, 972 Wounded
174 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.-1100 Killed,2500 Wounded
1600 Missing or Captured
Bri.Gen. B. McCulloch Killed
Bri.Gen. J. McIntosh Killed
7-Fox Creek, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 5 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
8-Nashville, TN
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- 4 Killed, 0 Wounded
9-Mountain Grove, MO
U.S.A.- 10 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Hampton Roads, VA -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 261 Killed, 108 Wounded
C.S.A.- 7 Killed, 17 Wounded
10-Burke's Station, VA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- 3 Killed, 5 Wounded
Jacksborough, TN -or-
Big Creek Gap, TN
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 4 Wounded
11-Paris, TN
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 5 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 10 Wounded
12-Lexington, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 9 Killed, 3 Wounded
Lebanon, MO
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 13 Killed, 5 Wounded
13-New Madrid, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 50 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 100 Wounded
14-Newberne, NC
U.S.A.- 91 Killed, 466 Wounded
C.S.A.- 64 Killed, 106 Wounded
413 Missing or Captured
16-Black Jack Forest, TN
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 4 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
18-Salem, AR -or-
Spring River, AR
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 10 Wounded
C.S.A.- 100 Missing or Captured
21-Mosquito Inlet, FL -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 8 Killed, 8 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
22-Independence, MO -or-
Little Santa Fe, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- 7 Killed, 0 Wounded
23-Carthage, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Winchester, VA -or-
Kearnstown, VA
U.S.A.- 103 Killed, 440 Wounded
24 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- 80 Killed, 342 Wounded
269 Missing or Captured
26-Warrenton, MO -or-
Briar, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 22 Wounded
C.S.A.- 9 Killed, 17 Wounded
Humonsville, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 22 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 15 Wounded
26-Apache Canyon, NM -or-
to Santa Fe, NM -or-
28-Glorietta, NM
U.S.A.- 32 Killed, 75 Wounded
35 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- 36 Killed, 60 Wounded
93 Missing or Captured
28-Warrensburg, MO
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 15 Killed, 0 Wounded
APRIL, 1862
2-Putnam's Ferry, MO -or-
Doniphan, MO
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 3 Killed, 0 Wounded
4-Great Bethel, VA
U.S.A.- 4 Killed, 10 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Crump's Landing, TN -or-
Adamsville, TN
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 20 Wounded
6-Shiloh, TN -or-
to Pittsburgh Landing, TN
7-U.S.A.-1735 Killed,7882 Wounded
3956 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.-1728 Killed,8012 Wounded
959 Missing or Captured
Maj.Gen. A.J.Johnson Killed
Bri.Gen. A.H. Gladden Killed
8-Island #10, MO -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 17 Killed, 0 Wounded
3000 Missing or Captured
Corinth, MS
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 15 Killed, 25 Wounded
200 Missing or Captured
9-Owen's River, CA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
10-Fort Pulaski, GA -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 4 Wounded
360 Missing or Captured
11-Huntsville, AL
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 0 Wounded
200 Captured
Yorktown, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 8 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
12-Little Blue River, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- 5 Killed, 0 Wounded
Monterey, VA
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
14-Pollocksville, NC
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 7 Wounded
Diamond Grove, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Walkersville, MO
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Montavallo, MO
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 6 Wounded
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 10 Wounded
15-Pechacho Pass, AZ
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
16-Savanah, TN
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 5 Killed, 65 Wounded
White Marsh, GA -or-
Wilmington Island, GA
U.S.A.- 10 Killed, 35 Wounded
C.S.A.- 5 Killed, 7 Wounded
Lee's Mills, VA
U.S.A.- 35 Killed, 129 Wounded
C.S.A.- 20 Killed, 75 Wounded
200 Missing or Captured
17-Holly River, W.VA
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 0 Wounded
18-Falmouth, VA
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 16 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 0 Wounded
19 Missing or Captured
Edisto Island, SC -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
18-Fort Jackson, LA
to Fort St. Phillip, LA
28-New Orleans, LA -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 36 Killed, 193 Wounded
C.S.A.- 185 Killed, 197 Wounded
400 Missing or Captured
19-Talbot's Ferry, AR
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- 3 Killed , 0 Wounded
Camden, NC
U.S.A.- 12 Killed, 98 Wounded
C.S.A.- 6 Killed, 19 Wounded
23-Grass Lick, W.VA
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
25-Fort Macon, NC -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 11 Wounded
C.S.A.- 7 Killed, 18 Wounded
450 Missing or Captured
26-Turnback Creek, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Neosho, MO
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 30 Wounded
62 Missing or Captured
Yorktown, VA
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 16 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
27-Horton's Mills, NC
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 6 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
28-Paint Rock Railroad Bridge, VA
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 7 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Cumberland Mountain, TN
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Monterey, TN
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 5 Killed, 0 Wounded
29-Bridgeport, AL
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 30 Killed, 42 Wounded
350 Missing or Captured
JANUARY, 1862
1-Port Royal, SC
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 10 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
4-Huntersville, VA
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 1 Killed, 7 Wounded
Bath, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 30 Wounded
Calhoun, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 10 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 30 Wounded
7-Blue Gap, VA -or-
Romney, VA
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 15 Killed, 0 Wounded
Jennies' Creek, KY -or-
Paintsville, KY
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 6 Killed, 14 Wounded
8-Charleston, MO
U.S.A.- 8 Killed, 16 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Dry Forks, W.VA -or-
Cheat River, W.VA
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 6 Wounded
C.S.A.- 6 Killed, 0 Wounded
Silver Creek, MO -or-
Sugar Creek, MO
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 6 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 80 Wounded
9-Columbus, MO
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
10-Middle Creek, KY -or-
Prestonburg, KY
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 25 Wounded
C.S.A.- 40 Killed, 0 Wounded
19-Mill Springs, KY -or-
to Logan's Cross Roads, KY
20-U.S.A.- 38 Killed, 194 Wounded
C.S.A.- 190 Killed, 160 Wounded
Gen. F.K.Zolicoffer Killed
22-Knob Noster, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
29-Occoquan Bridge, VA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 4 Wounded
C.S.A.- 10 Killed, 0 Wounded
FEBRUARY, 1862
1-Bowling Green, KY
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 2 Wounded
6-Fort Henry, TN -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 40 Wounded
C.S.A.- 5 Killed, 11 Wounded
8-Linn Creek, VA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 8 Killed, 7 Wounded
Roanoak Island, NC -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 35 Killed, 200 Wounded
C.S.A.- 16 Killed, 39 Wounded
2527 Missing or Captured
10-Elizabeth City, NC -or-
Cobb's Point, NC -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
13-Blooming Gap, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 5 Wounded
C.S.A.- 13 Killed, 0 Wounded
14-Flat Lick Fords, KY
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 4 Killed, 4 Wounded
14-Fort Donelson, TN
to U.S.A.- 446 Killed,1735 Wounded
16- Maj.Gen. J.A.Logan Killed
C.S.A.- 231 Killed,1007 Wounded
13829 Missing or Captured
17-Sugar Creek, MO -or-
Pea Ridge, MO
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 9 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
18-Independence, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 4 Killed, 5 Wounded
21-Fort Craig, NM -or-
Valverde, NM
U.S.A.- 62 Killed, 140 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 150 Wounded
24-Mason's Neck, VA -or-
Occoquan, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
26-Keytesville, MO
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
MARCH, 1862
2-Pittsburgh Landing, TN -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 5 Wounded
C.S.A.- 20 Killed, 200 Wounded
3-New Madrid, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
5-Occoquan, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
6-Pea Ridge, AR -or-
Elkhorn Tavern, AR
U.S.A.- 203 Killed, 972 Wounded
174 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.-1100 Killed,2500 Wounded
1600 Missing or Captured
Bri.Gen. B. McCulloch Killed
Bri.Gen. J. McIntosh Killed
7-Fox Creek, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 5 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
8-Nashville, TN
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- 4 Killed, 0 Wounded
9-Mountain Grove, MO
U.S.A.- 10 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Hampton Roads, VA -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 261 Killed, 108 Wounded
C.S.A.- 7 Killed, 17 Wounded
10-Burke's Station, VA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- 3 Killed, 5 Wounded
Jacksborough, TN -or-
Big Creek Gap, TN
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 4 Wounded
11-Paris, TN
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 5 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 10 Wounded
12-Lexington, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 9 Killed, 3 Wounded
Lebanon, MO
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 13 Killed, 5 Wounded
13-New Madrid, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 50 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 100 Wounded
14-Newberne, NC
U.S.A.- 91 Killed, 466 Wounded
C.S.A.- 64 Killed, 106 Wounded
413 Missing or Captured
16-Black Jack Forest, TN
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 4 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
18-Salem, AR -or-
Spring River, AR
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 10 Wounded
C.S.A.- 100 Missing or Captured
21-Mosquito Inlet, FL -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 8 Killed, 8 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
22-Independence, MO -or-
Little Santa Fe, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- 7 Killed, 0 Wounded
23-Carthage, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Winchester, VA -or-
Kearnstown, VA
U.S.A.- 103 Killed, 440 Wounded
24 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- 80 Killed, 342 Wounded
269 Missing or Captured
26-Warrenton, MO -or-
Briar, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 22 Wounded
C.S.A.- 9 Killed, 17 Wounded
Humonsville, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 22 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 15 Wounded
26-Apache Canyon, NM -or-
to Santa Fe, NM -or-
28-Glorietta, NM
U.S.A.- 32 Killed, 75 Wounded
35 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- 36 Killed, 60 Wounded
93 Missing or Captured
28-Warrensburg, MO
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 15 Killed, 0 Wounded
APRIL, 1862
2-Putnam's Ferry, MO -or-
Doniphan, MO
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 3 Killed, 0 Wounded
4-Great Bethel, VA
U.S.A.- 4 Killed, 10 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Crump's Landing, TN -or-
Adamsville, TN
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 20 Wounded
6-Shiloh, TN -or-
to Pittsburgh Landing, TN
7-U.S.A.-1735 Killed,7882 Wounded
3956 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.-1728 Killed,8012 Wounded
959 Missing or Captured
Maj.Gen. A.J.Johnson Killed
Bri.Gen. A.H. Gladden Killed
8-Island #10, MO -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 17 Killed, 0 Wounded
3000 Missing or Captured
Corinth, MS
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 15 Killed, 25 Wounded
200 Missing or Captured
9-Owen's River, CA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
10-Fort Pulaski, GA -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 4 Wounded
360 Missing or Captured
11-Huntsville, AL
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 0 Wounded
200 Captured
Yorktown, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 8 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
12-Little Blue River, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- 5 Killed, 0 Wounded
Monterey, VA
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
14-Pollocksville, NC
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 7 Wounded
Diamond Grove, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Walkersville, MO
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Montavallo, MO
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 6 Wounded
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 10 Wounded
15-Pechacho Pass, AZ
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
16-Savanah, TN
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 5 Killed, 65 Wounded
White Marsh, GA -or-
Wilmington Island, GA
U.S.A.- 10 Killed, 35 Wounded
C.S.A.- 5 Killed, 7 Wounded
Lee's Mills, VA
U.S.A.- 35 Killed, 129 Wounded
C.S.A.- 20 Killed, 75 Wounded
200 Missing or Captured
17-Holly River, W.VA
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 0 Wounded
18-Falmouth, VA
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 16 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 0 Wounded
19 Missing or Captured
Edisto Island, SC -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
18-Fort Jackson, LA
to Fort St. Phillip, LA
28-New Orleans, LA -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 36 Killed, 193 Wounded
C.S.A.- 185 Killed, 197 Wounded
400 Missing or Captured
19-Talbot's Ferry, AR
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- 3 Killed , 0 Wounded
Camden, NC
U.S.A.- 12 Killed, 98 Wounded
C.S.A.- 6 Killed, 19 Wounded
23-Grass Lick, W.VA
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
25-Fort Macon, NC -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 11 Wounded
C.S.A.- 7 Killed, 18 Wounded
450 Missing or Captured
26-Turnback Creek, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Neosho, MO
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 30 Wounded
62 Missing or Captured
Yorktown, VA
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 16 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
27-Horton's Mills, NC
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 6 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
28-Paint Rock Railroad Bridge, VA
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 7 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Cumberland Mountain, TN
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Monterey, TN
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 5 Killed, 0 Wounded
29-Bridgeport, AL
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 30 Killed, 42 Wounded
350 Missing or Captured
farmersdaughter
im not dickens
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April 18 1862
The United States gunboat Tioga was successfully launched at the Navy-Yard at Charlestown, Mass., this afternoon.N. Y. Tribune, April 19.
At Philadelphia, Pa., Parson Brownlow was received at Independence Hall by the city authorities this morning Mr. Tregg, President of the Common Council, receiving him with words of the heartiest welcome. Mr. Brownlow replied in a characteristic address of some length, delivered from a stand erected in front of the Hall, to an immense audience. He recited the tribulations East-Tennessee Unionists had undergone. Philadelphia Press, April 19.
Wm. Gilchrist, arrested some months ago on the charge of furnishing aid and comfort to the enemy, and sent to Fort Warren, and afterward upon his release, by order of the Government, arrested by Detective Franklin, on the charge of treason, has now been discharged unconditionally, after months imprisonment, without trial.K Y. Commercial, April 19.
Gen. McClellan, before Yorktown, Va., telegraphed as follows to the War Department: At about one half-hour after midnight, the enemy attacked Smiths position, and attempted to carry his guns. Smith repulsed them handsomely, and took some prisoners. I have no details. Will forward them as soon as my aids return. The firing was very heavy. All is now quiet.
Second Despatch.My position occupied yesterday by Smith was intrenched last night, so that we have been able to prevent the enemy from working to-day, and kept his guns silent Same result at the batteries at Hyams Mills.
Yorktown was shelled by our gunboats and some of our barges to-day, without effect
There has been a good deal of firing from the Yorktown land batteries.
Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburgh, Va:, was occupied by the forces of the United States. Their progress was disputed by a rebel force of one regiment of infantry, one of cavalry, and a battery of artillery, which attempted to make two distinct stands. They wore, however, driven across the Rappahannock, after inflicting upon the Unionists a loss of five killed and sixteen wounded, all of them cavalry, including Lieut. Decker, of the Harris cavalry, killed; Col. Fitzpatrick, wounded, and a valuable scout, named Britten, badly wounded. Col. Bayards horse was badly wounded under him. Immediately after making their escape across the Rappahannock bridge, opposite Fredericksburgh, the rebels applied the torch to it, and thus temporarily delayed progress into the town.(Doc. 143.)
In the afternoon, Lieut. Wood, of Gen. Kings staff, Lieut. Campbell, Fourth artillery, and Major Duffle, of the Harris light cavalry, crossed the Rappahannock under a flag of truce, and communicated with the municipal authorities of the city.
The City Councils had called a meeting immediately after the appearance of the forces, and appointed a committee consisting of the Mayor, Mr. Slaughter, three members from each Board, and three citizens, to confer with Gen. Augur relative to the occupation of Fredericksburgh and the protection of property. The Councils at the same time adopted a series of resolutions declaring that the city, since the adoption of the ordinance of secession, had been unanimously in favor of disunion, and was still firmly attached to the Southern cause, surrendering only upon conditions of protection to private property.
Martial law was declared in Eastern Tennessee, by the rebel government.(Doc. 141.)
Henry T. Clark, the rebel Governor of North Carolina, issued the following notice to the people of that State:
By an advertisement in the public papers, signed W. S. Ashe, you are informed that he will appoint, and send agents through every county in the State to borrow, purchase, and, if necessary, to impress, all the arms now in the hands of private citizens.
Any attempt to seize the arms of our citizens is directly at variance with the Constitution, and in opposition to the declared policy of the government, which makes it the duty of every citizen to keep and bear arms, and protects the arms of the militia even from execution for debt
But while I notify you that these agents have no lawful authority to seize your private arms, and you will be protected in preserving the means of self-defence, I must enjoin upon you in this emergency, as an act of the highest patriotism and duty, that you should discover to the proper State authorities all public arms, muskets or rifles, within your knowledge, and of selling to the State all the arms, the property of individuals, which can be spared.
The colonels of the several regiments of militia will act as agents for the State, and will notify me whenever any such arms are delivered or offered to them. Their prompt and earnest attention is called to the execution of this order. Raleigh Standard, April 26.
The bombardment of Forts Jackson and St Philip, on the Mississippi River below New-Orleans, was this day commenced by the National fleet under the command of Flag-Officer Farragut.
The United States gunboat Tioga was successfully launched at the Navy-Yard at Charlestown, Mass., this afternoon.N. Y. Tribune, April 19.
At Philadelphia, Pa., Parson Brownlow was received at Independence Hall by the city authorities this morning Mr. Tregg, President of the Common Council, receiving him with words of the heartiest welcome. Mr. Brownlow replied in a characteristic address of some length, delivered from a stand erected in front of the Hall, to an immense audience. He recited the tribulations East-Tennessee Unionists had undergone. Philadelphia Press, April 19.
Wm. Gilchrist, arrested some months ago on the charge of furnishing aid and comfort to the enemy, and sent to Fort Warren, and afterward upon his release, by order of the Government, arrested by Detective Franklin, on the charge of treason, has now been discharged unconditionally, after months imprisonment, without trial.K Y. Commercial, April 19.
Gen. McClellan, before Yorktown, Va., telegraphed as follows to the War Department: At about one half-hour after midnight, the enemy attacked Smiths position, and attempted to carry his guns. Smith repulsed them handsomely, and took some prisoners. I have no details. Will forward them as soon as my aids return. The firing was very heavy. All is now quiet.
Second Despatch.My position occupied yesterday by Smith was intrenched last night, so that we have been able to prevent the enemy from working to-day, and kept his guns silent Same result at the batteries at Hyams Mills.
Yorktown was shelled by our gunboats and some of our barges to-day, without effect
There has been a good deal of firing from the Yorktown land batteries.
Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburgh, Va:, was occupied by the forces of the United States. Their progress was disputed by a rebel force of one regiment of infantry, one of cavalry, and a battery of artillery, which attempted to make two distinct stands. They wore, however, driven across the Rappahannock, after inflicting upon the Unionists a loss of five killed and sixteen wounded, all of them cavalry, including Lieut. Decker, of the Harris cavalry, killed; Col. Fitzpatrick, wounded, and a valuable scout, named Britten, badly wounded. Col. Bayards horse was badly wounded under him. Immediately after making their escape across the Rappahannock bridge, opposite Fredericksburgh, the rebels applied the torch to it, and thus temporarily delayed progress into the town.(Doc. 143.)
In the afternoon, Lieut. Wood, of Gen. Kings staff, Lieut. Campbell, Fourth artillery, and Major Duffle, of the Harris light cavalry, crossed the Rappahannock under a flag of truce, and communicated with the municipal authorities of the city.
The City Councils had called a meeting immediately after the appearance of the forces, and appointed a committee consisting of the Mayor, Mr. Slaughter, three members from each Board, and three citizens, to confer with Gen. Augur relative to the occupation of Fredericksburgh and the protection of property. The Councils at the same time adopted a series of resolutions declaring that the city, since the adoption of the ordinance of secession, had been unanimously in favor of disunion, and was still firmly attached to the Southern cause, surrendering only upon conditions of protection to private property.
Martial law was declared in Eastern Tennessee, by the rebel government.(Doc. 141.)
Henry T. Clark, the rebel Governor of North Carolina, issued the following notice to the people of that State:
By an advertisement in the public papers, signed W. S. Ashe, you are informed that he will appoint, and send agents through every county in the State to borrow, purchase, and, if necessary, to impress, all the arms now in the hands of private citizens.
Any attempt to seize the arms of our citizens is directly at variance with the Constitution, and in opposition to the declared policy of the government, which makes it the duty of every citizen to keep and bear arms, and protects the arms of the militia even from execution for debt
But while I notify you that these agents have no lawful authority to seize your private arms, and you will be protected in preserving the means of self-defence, I must enjoin upon you in this emergency, as an act of the highest patriotism and duty, that you should discover to the proper State authorities all public arms, muskets or rifles, within your knowledge, and of selling to the State all the arms, the property of individuals, which can be spared.
The colonels of the several regiments of militia will act as agents for the State, and will notify me whenever any such arms are delivered or offered to them. Their prompt and earnest attention is called to the execution of this order. Raleigh Standard, April 26.
The bombardment of Forts Jackson and St Philip, on the Mississippi River below New-Orleans, was this day commenced by the National fleet under the command of Flag-Officer Farragut.
farmersdaughter
im not dickens
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Battle of Forts Jackson and St Philip
April 18 1862
The Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip (April 1828, 1862) was the decisive battle for possession of New Orleans in the American Civil War. The two Confederate forts on the Mississippi River south of the city were attacked by a Union Navy fleet. As long as the forts could keep the Federal forces from moving on the city, it was safe, but if they were negated, there were no fall-back positions to impede the enemy advance.
New Orleans, the largest city in the Confederacy, was already under threat of attack from the north when Farragut moved his fleet into the river from the south. The Confederate Navy had already driven off the Union blockade fleet in the Battle of the Head of Passes the previous October. Although the menace from upriver was geographically more remote than that from the Gulf of Mexico, a series of losses in Kentucky and Tennessee had forced the War and Navy Departments in Richmond to strip the region of much of its defenses. Men and equipment had been withdrawn from the local defenses, so that by mid-April almost nothing remained to the south except the two forts and an assortment of gunboats of questionable worth.[2] Without reducing the pressure from the north, (Union) President Abraham Lincoln set in motion a combined Army-Navy operation to attack from the south. The Union Army offered 18,000 soldiers, led by the political general Benjamin F. Butler. The Navy contributed a large fraction of its West Gulf Blockading Squadron, which was commanded by Flag Officer David G. Farragut. The squadron was augmented by a semi-autonomous flotilla of mortar schooners and their support vessels under Commander David Dixon Porter.[3]
The expedition assembled at Ship Island in the Gulf. Once they were ready, the naval contingent moved its ships into the river, an operation that was completed on April 14. They were then moved into position near the forts, and on April 18 the mortars opened the battle.[4]
The ensuing battle can be divided into two parts: a mostly ineffective bombardment of the Confederate-held forts by the raft-mounted mortars, and the successful passage of the forts by much of Farragut's fleet on the night of April 24. During the passage, one Federal warship was lost and three others turned back, while the Confederate gunboats were virtually obliterated. The subsequent capture of the city, achieved with no further significant opposition, was a serious, even fatal, blow from which the Confederacy never recovered.[5] The forts remained after the fleet had passed, but the demoralized enlisted men in Fort Jackson mutinied and forced their surrender.[6]
Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip were a pair of closely associated forts on the Mississippi River. They were sited some 40 kilometers (25*mi) above Head of Passes, where the river divides before it finally enters the Gulf of Mexico, or about 120 kilometers (75*mi) downstream from New Orleans. Fort Jackson was on the right (generally west, but here south) bank, while Fort St. Philip was on the left (here, north) bank of the river. Because of the path of the river, Fort Jackson was actually somewhat east of Fort St. Philip. Designed for defense against invasion in the days of sail, the two forts were sited near a bend in the river that would force ships to slow down in passing, so they would be nearly stationary targets under the 177 guns of the forts that bore on the channel.[8]
Union preparations
Although land-based forts had long been considered to be invulnerable to attack by naval guns, some weaknesses had been exposed in the Battle of Port Royal, South Carolina, on November 7, 1861. Following that battle, (Union) Assistant Secretary of the Navy Gustavus V. Fox began to press for expanded use of the United States Navy in attacking coastal Confederate positions. He particularly emphasized the desirability of assaulting New Orleans, the largest city in the Confederacy, from the Gulf.[9] Fox proposed that the two forts could be weakened if not completely destroyed by a mortar barrage, and a relatively small Army force then could assault the weakened forts. Following the reduction of the forts, or even during the army assault, a fleet could steam past them and attack New Orleans directly.
At first, the Army, in the person of General-in-Chief George B. McClellan, opposed the plan. The contingent of 30,000 to 50,000 troops that McClellan considered the minimum needed for success would be a diversion from other Army operations, particularly the Peninsula Campaign against Richmond, Virginia, that he was directing at that time.[10] Army opposition was negated, however, when (Union) Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles coopted the political general Benjamin F. Butler by allowing the expedition to proceed under Butler's name. With Butler's support, Welles was able to persuade President Abraham Lincoln to order the campaign forward. On February 23, 1862, Butler was informed that he was in charge of the land forces "destined to cooperate with the Navy in the attack on New Orleans." The number of troops at his disposal was whittled down appreciably from McClellan's original estimate, to only 18,000.[11]
An organizational change in the Navy had to be made before planning for the campaign could proceed. On December 23, 1861, the Gulf Blockading Squadron was divided into the East Gulf and West Gulf Squadrons.[12] To command the West Gulf Blockading Squadron, Secretary Welles selected Captain David Glasgow Farragut. The new commander arrived at Ship Island, in the Gulf of Mexico, on February 20, 1862; this can be taken as the starting date for the campaign.[13]
Farragut had two problems to deal with in addition to any posed by the Confederates. The first, dealing with Butler and his army, was handled by simply ignoring him; the Army took no further part in his plans. The second was not so easily dismissed; part of Farragut's fleet was a semi-autonomous group of mortar schooners, headed by his foster brother David D. Porter. Porter was a master of intrigue who had the ear of Assistant Secretary Fox, and Farragut had to let the mortars be tried, despite his strong personal belief that they would prove worthless.[14]
In mid-March, Farragut began moving his ships across the bar at the mouth of the river. This was not without incident; the depth of water was found to be only 15 feet (4.5 meters) instead of the 18 feet (5.8 meters) that was expected. At least one ship that the Administration wanted in the expedition, USS Colorado, drew too much to get across. To Farragut, the most serious problem presented by the failed effort to bring Colorado into the river was not the reduction in the force he had available, but rather the lost time. With Colorado subtracted, the fleet inside the bar included six ships and twelve gunboats.[ [16]
After the warships of the squadron were safely in the river, Porter's 26 mortar schooners and associated vessels were brought in with no problems, beginning on March 18. In the next month, Farragut had to gauge the strength of the forts, find the range of their guns, determine the nature of other obstructions in the channel, place the mortar boats where they would be most effective, and put his warships in battle condition. Working under the intermittent fire of the forts and Confederate gunboats, men of the Coast Survey who had been assigned to the Navy went ashore and surveyed the forts from a distance, placing buoys in the river channel to mark where the gunboats should be anchored.[17] On April 18, the preliminaries were completed. the final days of preparation for his ships to run past the forts, Farragut organized his fleet, dividing it into three sections. (This would not be at all exceptional in the Royal Navy, where the division of the fleet into the van, main fleet, and the rear was in fact the usual practice, but the United States Navy had not used full fleets before the Civil War.) Command of the first division of gunboats was given to Captain Theodorus Bailey, who was also appointed second in overall command, to take over if Farragut himself were to become incapacitated. Command of the second division of gunboats was given to Captain Henry H. Bell. Farragut retained divisional command of the ships for himself.[18]
]Confederate preparations
From the beginning, plans of the Confederate War Department (Secretary of War Judah P. Benjamin at first, later George W. Randolph) in Richmond for defense of New Orleans were distorted by the belief that the primary threat to the city came from the north. Reflecting that belief, much of the material intended to protect the city was sent to strongpoints on the Mississippi, such as Island Number 10, Fort Pillow, and Memphis. The immediate vicinity of the city was actually weakened as guns were withdrawn for use in distant campaigns, as for example that leading to the Battle of Shiloh. The region was also stripped of men of military age.[19] Confederate Major General Mansfield Lovell, commander of Department No. 1,[20] put much more credence in the buildup in the Gulf than did his distant superiors. Flag Officer George N. Hollins, CSN, in charge of the Confederate naval forces on the Mississippi at the time, personally agreed with Lovell, but his orders did not permit him to act on his beliefs.[21]
Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip were under the local command of Brigadier General Johnson K. Duncan. The average quality of the soldiers in the garrison was probably not as high as Lovell and Duncan would have liked; the most militant had been drawn off for other fields, leaving the irresolute and the unfit. Because New Orleans was something of an international city, the ranks contained a greater proportion of foreign-born soldiers than most units of the Confederate Army. Nevertheless, they could be expected to perform their duty, even if they would not make extraordinary exertions.[22]
The forts around the city[23] were supplemented by two chains stretched across the river to prevent passage. (The chains were sometimes referred to as either 'rafts' or 'booms' in the reports.) One chain was placed above the city, and had no effect on the battle.[24] The other was placed just below the forts, where enemy vessels trying to break it would come under their fire. This barrier was much more important than its counterpart. Originally put in place soon after Lovell took command of the Department, it broke under the weight of debris washed down the river in the spring floods. It was repaired, but Lovell did not consider the replacement as good as the original.[25]
Additional defense was provided by several ships and boats[26] that were grouped into three separate organizations, with no common command. The largest of these (by firepower) was a contingent of the Confederate States Navy: three ironclads, CSS Manassas, Louisiana, and Mississippi; two more traditional warships, converted from merchantmen, CSS McRae and Jackson, and several unarmed support craft. The state of Louisiana furnished two ships of the Louisiana Provisional Navy, General Quitman and Governor Moore. Last were six cottonclad rams of the River Defense Fleet, nominally a part of the Confederate States Army but commanded by civilian captains and with mostly civilian crews: Warrior, Stonewall Jackson, Defiance, Resolute, General Lovell, and General Breckinridge (also known as R. J. Breckinridge).[27] Also present were several tugs and unarmored harbor craft, of which two, Belle Algerine and Mosher, must be mentioned for the parts they played in the battle.
With three separate organizations in the confined waters of the lower Mississippi, the fleet command situation was already bad enough, but it began to deteriorate further when the buildup of Farragut's fleet in the lower river became apparent. Flag Officer Hollins was at this time near Memphis, which represented the then-northernmost holdings of the Confederacy on the river, and the Confederate War Department insisted that no effort should be spared to maintain possession. Hollins was sure that the threat from the Gulf was much more severe than Richmond thought, so he was prepared to listen when General Lovell pleaded for him to come down to New Orleans to help in its defense. When there, he sent a telegram to Richmond seeking permission to attack Farragut's ships while they were still lightened to be brought in across the bar. His pleas were so insistent that they virtually amounted to insubordination. Hollins was called to Richmond, ostensibly to serve on an examination board, but in effect to be removed from active service.[28] By default, command of the Confederate Navy vessels in the vicinity of New Orleans fell on the shoulders of Commander William C. Whittle, up to that time commandant of the navy yard there. Whittle did not consider himself able to handle all of his new duties, so on April 18 he passed command of CSS McRae, Jackson, and Manassas, together with their support vessels, to his executive officer, Commander John K. Mitchell.[29] These were all the Confederate Naval vessels afloat at the time; Louisiana and Mississippi had not yet been launched, and were explicitly not controlled by Whittle or Mitchell. Later, when Louisiana was launched but before she was completed, she joined the others in Mitchell's domain.[30]
General Lovell tried to reduce command confusion by ordering that all vessels afloat should likewise take orders from Commander Mitchell. However, Captain John A. Stephenson, leading the River Defense Fleet, refused to accept Navy orders.[31] He was able to get away with this act of seeming mutiny because the relation of his fleet to the Army was contractual rather than military.
[edit]The battle
First phase: the bombardment, April 18 through 23
Porter's 21 mortar schooners were in place on April 18. They were placed close to the river banks downstream from the barrier chain, which was still in place. Their tops were covered with bushes for camouflage; this was replaced as soon as it was stripped away by the shock of firing their weapons. Commencing in the early morning, the mortars kept up a steady fire all day. Porter had specified a rate of a shot every ten minutes from each mortar, which would have kept a shot in the air throughout the bombardment. The rate could not be maintained, but more than 1400 shots were fired on the first day. The rate of fire was somewhat less on subsequent days.[33]
The fuses in the shells proved to be unreliable, with the result that many of the shells exploded prematurely. To eliminate the problem, on the second and subsequent days of the bombardment, Porter ordered that all fuses should be cut to full length. The shells therefore hit the ground before exploding; they would sink into the soft earth, which would then muffle the effects of the blast. because it was nearer to the Federal mortars, Fort Jackson suffered more damage than did Fort St. Philip, but even there it was minimal. Only seven pieces of artillery were disabled, and only two men were killed in the bombardment. Return fire on Porter's vessels was about equally ineffective; one schooner was sunk, and one man was killed by enemy action (another man died when he fell from the rigging. ).[35]
Porter had rashly promised Welles and Fox that the mortar fleet would reduce both forts to rubble in 48 hours.[36] Though this did not happen, and the immediate fighting capacity of the forts were only marginally affected, a survey of Fort Jackson after the battle did note the following damage:
the scows and boats near the fort except three small ones were sunk. The drawbridge, hot shot furnaces and fresh water cisterns were destroyed. The floors of the casemates were flooded, the levee having been broken. All the platforms for pitching tents on were destroyed by fire or shells. All the casemates were cracked (the roof in some places being entirely broken through) and masses of brick dislodged in numerous instances. The outer walls of the fort were cracked from top to bottom admitting daylight freely. Four guns were dismounted, eleven carriages and thirty beds and traverses injured. 1113 mortar shells and 87 round shot were counted in the solid ground of the fort and levees. 3339 mortar shells are computed to have fallen in the ditches and overflowed parts of the defenses. 1080 shells exploded in the air over the fort. 7500 bombs were fired.[38]
Brigadier General Duncan, CSA, commanding the forts, described damage to Fort Jackson on the first day, April 18:
The quarters in the bastions were fired and burned down early in the day, as well as the quarters immediately without the fort. The citadel was set on fire and extinguished several times during the first part of the day, but later it became impossible to put out the flames, so that when the enemy ceased firing it was one burning mass, greatly endangering the magazines, which at one time were reported to be on fire. Many of the men and most of the officers lost their bedding and clothing by these fires, which greatly added to the discomforts of the overflow. The mortar fire was accurate and terrible, many of the shells falling everywhere within the fort and disabling some of our best guns.
General Duncan recorded 2,997 mortar shells fired on that day.[39]
This kind of damage made life in Fort Jackson a misery when combined with constant flooding from high water within the fort. The crew could be safe from mortar fragments and falling debris only within the dank and partially flooded casemates. Lack of shelter, food, blankets, sleeping quarters, drinkable water, along with the depressing effects of days of heavy, unanswered shelling were hard to bear. When combined with sickness and the ever-present corrosive fear, conditions were definitely a drain on morale. These factors contributed to the mutiny of the Fort Jackson garrison on the 28th of April. This mutiny began a subsequent collapse of resistance downriver from the city. Fort St. Phillips was also surrendered, the CSS Louisiana blown up and even the Confederate fleet on Lake Pontchartrain was destroyed to avoid capture. The general collapse of morale began with the mutiny and greatly simplified the occupation of New Orleans by the Union navy.[40]
The Confederate authorities had long believed that the Navy's ironclad ships, particularly CSS Louisiana, would render the river impregnable against assaults such as they were now experiencing. Although Louisiana was not yet finished, Generals Lovell and Duncan pressed Commodore Whittle to hurry the preparation. Acceding to their wishes against his better judgment, Whittle had the ship launched prematurely and added to Commander Mitchell's fleet even while workmen were still fitting her out. On the second day of the bombardment, she was towed (too late, her owners found that her engines were not strong enough to enable her to buck the current) to a position on the left bank, upstream from Fort St. Philip, where she became in effect a floating battery. Mitchell would not move her closer because her armor would not protect her from the plunging shot of Porter's mortars. However, because her guns could not be elevated, they could not be brought to bear on the enemy so long as they remained below the forts.[41]
After several days of bombardment, the return fire from the forts showed no signs of slackening, so Farragut began to execute his own plan. On April 20, he ordered three of his gunboats, Kineo, Itasca, and Pinola to break the chain blocking the river. Although they did not succeed in removing it altogether, they were able to open a gap large enough for the flag officer's purposes.[42]
For various reasons, Farragut was not able to make his attack until the early morning of April 24.
Second phase: passing the forts
resolved to pass the forts, Farragut somewhat modified his fleet arrangements by adding two ships to Captain Bailey's first section of gunboats, thereby eliminating one of his ship sections. After the alteration, the fleet disposition was as follows:[44]
First section, Captain Theodorus Bailey: USS Cayuga, Pensacola (ship), USS*Mississippi, Oneida, Varuna, Katahdin, Kineo, and Wissahickon.
Second section (ships), Flag Officer Farragut: USS Hartford, Brooklyn, and Richmond.
Third section, Captain Henry H. Bell: USS Sciota, Iroquois, Kennebec, Pinola, Itasca, and Winona.
The ship Portsmouth was left to protect the mortar schooners.
When passing the forts, the fleet was to form two columns. The starboard column would fire on Fort St. Philip, while the port column would fire on Fort Jackson. They were not to stop and slug it out with the forts, however, but to pass by as quickly as possible. Farragut hoped that the combination of darkness and smoke would obscure the aim of the gunners in the forts, and his vessels could pass by relatively unscathed.
At approximately 03:00 on April 24, the fleet got under way and headed for the gap in the chain that had blocked the channel. Soon after passing that obstacle, they were spotted by men in the forts, which promptly opened up with all their available firepower. As Farragut had hoped, however, their aim was poor, and his fleet suffered little significant damage. His own gunners' aim was no better, of course, and the forts likewise sustained little damage. The last three gunboats in the column were turned back. Itasca was disabled by a shot in her boilers and drifted out of action; the others (Pinola and Winona) turned back because dawn was breaking and not because of Rebel gun practice.[45]
The Confederate fleet did very little in this stage of the battle. CSS Louisiana was finally able to use her guns, but with little effect.[46] The armored ram CSS Manassas came in early and tried to engage the enemy, but the gunners in the forts made no distinction between Manassas and members of the Federal fleet, firing on friend and foe indiscriminately. Her captain, Lieutenant Commanding Alexander F. Warley, therefore took his vessel back up the river, to attack when he would be fired upon by only the Union fleet.[47]
Once past the forts, the head of the Federal column came under attack by some of the Confederate ships, while some of the vessels further back in the column were still under the fire of the forts. Because of their fragmented command structure, the Confederate ships did not coordinate their movements, so the battle degenerated to a jumble of individual ship-on-ship encounters.
CSS Manassas rammed both USS*Mississippi and Brooklyn, but did not disable either. As dawn broke, she found herself caught between two Union ships and was able to attack neither, so Captain Warley ordered her run ashore. The crew abandoned the vessel and set her afire. Later, she floated free from the bank, still afire, and finally sank in view of Porter's mortar schooners.[48]
Tug Mosher pushed a fire raft against the flagship USS Hartford, and was rewarded for her daring by a broadside from the latter that sent her to the bottom. Hartford, while attempting to avoid the fire raft, ran ashore not far upstream from Fort St. Philip. Although she was then within range of the guns of the fort, they could not be brought to bear, so the flagship was able to extinguish the flames and work her way off the bank with little significant damage.[49]
In getting under way, Governor Moore was fouled by and ran into the Confederate tug Belle Algerine, sinking her. Attacking the Union fleet, she found USS Varuna ahead of the rest of the fleet. A long chase ensued, both ships firing on each other as Governor Moore pursued the Federal vessel. Despite losing a large part of her crew during the chase, she was eventually able to ram Varuna. The cottonclad ram Stonewall Jackson, of the River Defense Fleet also managed to ram. Varuna was able to reach shallow water near the bank before she sank, the only vessel lost from the attacking fleet. Captain Beverley Kennon of Governor Moore would have continued the fight, but his steersman had had enough and drove the ship ashore. Kennon, apparently realizing that his steersman was correct and that the ship was unable to do any more, ordered her abandoned and set afire.[50]
CSS McRae engaged several members of the Federal fleet in an uneven contest that saw her captain, Lieutenant Commanding Thomas B. Huger, mortally wounded. McRae herself was badly holed, and although she survived the battle, she later sank at her moorings in New Orleans.[51]
None of the rest of the Confederate flotilla did any harm to the Union fleet, and most of them were sunk, either by enemy action or by their own hands. The survivors, in addition to McRae, were CSS Jackson, ram Defiance, and transport Diana. Two unarmed tenders were surrendered to the mortar flotilla with the forts. Louisiana also survived the battle, but was scuttled rather than be surrendered.[52]
In summary, during the run of the fleet past the forts, the Union Navy lost one vessel, while the defenders lost twelve.
Surrender of New Orleans and the forts
The Union fleet faced only token opposition at Chalmette, and thereafter had clear sailing to New Orleans. The fourteen vessels remaining arrived there in the afternoon of April 25 and laid the city under their guns. In the meantime, General Lovell had evacuated the troops that had been in the city, so no defense was possible. Panic-stricken citizens broke into stores, burned cotton and other supplies, and destroyed much of the waterfront. The unfinished CSS Mississippi was hastily launched; it was hoped that she could be towed to Memphis, but no towboats could be found, so she was burned by order of her captain. Farragut demanded the surrender of the city. The mayor and city council tried to buck the unpleasant duty up to Lovell, but he passed it back to them. After three days of fruitless negotiations, Farragut sent two officers ashore with a detachment of sailors and marines. They went to the Custom House, where they hauled down the state flag and ran up the United States flag. That signified the official return of the city to the Union.[53]
Fort St. Philip in 1862.
Meanwhile, General Butler was preparing his soldiers for an attack on the forts that were now in Farragut's rear. Commodore Porter, now in charge of the flotilla still below the forts, delivered a demand to surrender to the forts, but General Duncan refused. Accordingly, Porter again began to bombard the forts, this time in preparation for Butler's assault. However, on the night of April 29, the enlisted garrison in Fort Jackson mutinied and refused to endure more. Although Fort St. Philip was not involved in the mutiny, the interdependence of the two forts meant that it was also affected. Unable to continue the battle, Duncan capitulated the next day.[54]
The end of CSS Louisiana came at this time. Commander Mitchell, who represented the Confederate States Navy in the vicinity of the forts, was not included in the surrender negotiations. He therefore did not consider it his duty to observe the truce that had been declared, so he ordered Louisiana to be destroyed. Set afire, she soon parted her lines and floated down the river and blew up as she passed Fort St. Philip; the blast was strong enough to kill one soldier in the fort.[55]
Aftermath
Forts Jackson and St. Philip had been the shell of the Confederate defenses on the lower Mississippi, and nothing now stood between the Gulf and Memphis. After a few days spent repairing battle damage his ships had suffered, Farragut sent expeditions north to demand the surrender of other cities on the river. With no effective means of defense, Baton Rouge and Natchez complied. At Vicksburg, however, the guns of the ships could not reach the Confederate fortifications atop the bluffs, and the small army contingent that was with them could not force the issue. Farragut settled into a siege, but was forced to withdraw when falling levels of the river threatened to strand his deep-water ships. Vicksburg would not fall until another year had passed.
The fall of New Orleans as a consequence of the battle may also have swayed European powers, primarily Great Britain and France, not to recognize the Confederacy diplomatically. Confederate agents abroad noted that they were generally received more coolly, if at all, after word of loss of the city reached London and Paris.[56]
[edit]See also
April 18 1862
The Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip (April 1828, 1862) was the decisive battle for possession of New Orleans in the American Civil War. The two Confederate forts on the Mississippi River south of the city were attacked by a Union Navy fleet. As long as the forts could keep the Federal forces from moving on the city, it was safe, but if they were negated, there were no fall-back positions to impede the enemy advance.
New Orleans, the largest city in the Confederacy, was already under threat of attack from the north when Farragut moved his fleet into the river from the south. The Confederate Navy had already driven off the Union blockade fleet in the Battle of the Head of Passes the previous October. Although the menace from upriver was geographically more remote than that from the Gulf of Mexico, a series of losses in Kentucky and Tennessee had forced the War and Navy Departments in Richmond to strip the region of much of its defenses. Men and equipment had been withdrawn from the local defenses, so that by mid-April almost nothing remained to the south except the two forts and an assortment of gunboats of questionable worth.[2] Without reducing the pressure from the north, (Union) President Abraham Lincoln set in motion a combined Army-Navy operation to attack from the south. The Union Army offered 18,000 soldiers, led by the political general Benjamin F. Butler. The Navy contributed a large fraction of its West Gulf Blockading Squadron, which was commanded by Flag Officer David G. Farragut. The squadron was augmented by a semi-autonomous flotilla of mortar schooners and their support vessels under Commander David Dixon Porter.[3]
The expedition assembled at Ship Island in the Gulf. Once they were ready, the naval contingent moved its ships into the river, an operation that was completed on April 14. They were then moved into position near the forts, and on April 18 the mortars opened the battle.[4]
The ensuing battle can be divided into two parts: a mostly ineffective bombardment of the Confederate-held forts by the raft-mounted mortars, and the successful passage of the forts by much of Farragut's fleet on the night of April 24. During the passage, one Federal warship was lost and three others turned back, while the Confederate gunboats were virtually obliterated. The subsequent capture of the city, achieved with no further significant opposition, was a serious, even fatal, blow from which the Confederacy never recovered.[5] The forts remained after the fleet had passed, but the demoralized enlisted men in Fort Jackson mutinied and forced their surrender.[6]
Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip were a pair of closely associated forts on the Mississippi River. They were sited some 40 kilometers (25*mi) above Head of Passes, where the river divides before it finally enters the Gulf of Mexico, or about 120 kilometers (75*mi) downstream from New Orleans. Fort Jackson was on the right (generally west, but here south) bank, while Fort St. Philip was on the left (here, north) bank of the river. Because of the path of the river, Fort Jackson was actually somewhat east of Fort St. Philip. Designed for defense against invasion in the days of sail, the two forts were sited near a bend in the river that would force ships to slow down in passing, so they would be nearly stationary targets under the 177 guns of the forts that bore on the channel.[8]
Union preparations
Although land-based forts had long been considered to be invulnerable to attack by naval guns, some weaknesses had been exposed in the Battle of Port Royal, South Carolina, on November 7, 1861. Following that battle, (Union) Assistant Secretary of the Navy Gustavus V. Fox began to press for expanded use of the United States Navy in attacking coastal Confederate positions. He particularly emphasized the desirability of assaulting New Orleans, the largest city in the Confederacy, from the Gulf.[9] Fox proposed that the two forts could be weakened if not completely destroyed by a mortar barrage, and a relatively small Army force then could assault the weakened forts. Following the reduction of the forts, or even during the army assault, a fleet could steam past them and attack New Orleans directly.
At first, the Army, in the person of General-in-Chief George B. McClellan, opposed the plan. The contingent of 30,000 to 50,000 troops that McClellan considered the minimum needed for success would be a diversion from other Army operations, particularly the Peninsula Campaign against Richmond, Virginia, that he was directing at that time.[10] Army opposition was negated, however, when (Union) Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles coopted the political general Benjamin F. Butler by allowing the expedition to proceed under Butler's name. With Butler's support, Welles was able to persuade President Abraham Lincoln to order the campaign forward. On February 23, 1862, Butler was informed that he was in charge of the land forces "destined to cooperate with the Navy in the attack on New Orleans." The number of troops at his disposal was whittled down appreciably from McClellan's original estimate, to only 18,000.[11]
An organizational change in the Navy had to be made before planning for the campaign could proceed. On December 23, 1861, the Gulf Blockading Squadron was divided into the East Gulf and West Gulf Squadrons.[12] To command the West Gulf Blockading Squadron, Secretary Welles selected Captain David Glasgow Farragut. The new commander arrived at Ship Island, in the Gulf of Mexico, on February 20, 1862; this can be taken as the starting date for the campaign.[13]
Farragut had two problems to deal with in addition to any posed by the Confederates. The first, dealing with Butler and his army, was handled by simply ignoring him; the Army took no further part in his plans. The second was not so easily dismissed; part of Farragut's fleet was a semi-autonomous group of mortar schooners, headed by his foster brother David D. Porter. Porter was a master of intrigue who had the ear of Assistant Secretary Fox, and Farragut had to let the mortars be tried, despite his strong personal belief that they would prove worthless.[14]
In mid-March, Farragut began moving his ships across the bar at the mouth of the river. This was not without incident; the depth of water was found to be only 15 feet (4.5 meters) instead of the 18 feet (5.8 meters) that was expected. At least one ship that the Administration wanted in the expedition, USS Colorado, drew too much to get across. To Farragut, the most serious problem presented by the failed effort to bring Colorado into the river was not the reduction in the force he had available, but rather the lost time. With Colorado subtracted, the fleet inside the bar included six ships and twelve gunboats.[ [16]
After the warships of the squadron were safely in the river, Porter's 26 mortar schooners and associated vessels were brought in with no problems, beginning on March 18. In the next month, Farragut had to gauge the strength of the forts, find the range of their guns, determine the nature of other obstructions in the channel, place the mortar boats where they would be most effective, and put his warships in battle condition. Working under the intermittent fire of the forts and Confederate gunboats, men of the Coast Survey who had been assigned to the Navy went ashore and surveyed the forts from a distance, placing buoys in the river channel to mark where the gunboats should be anchored.[17] On April 18, the preliminaries were completed. the final days of preparation for his ships to run past the forts, Farragut organized his fleet, dividing it into three sections. (This would not be at all exceptional in the Royal Navy, where the division of the fleet into the van, main fleet, and the rear was in fact the usual practice, but the United States Navy had not used full fleets before the Civil War.) Command of the first division of gunboats was given to Captain Theodorus Bailey, who was also appointed second in overall command, to take over if Farragut himself were to become incapacitated. Command of the second division of gunboats was given to Captain Henry H. Bell. Farragut retained divisional command of the ships for himself.[18]
]Confederate preparations
From the beginning, plans of the Confederate War Department (Secretary of War Judah P. Benjamin at first, later George W. Randolph) in Richmond for defense of New Orleans were distorted by the belief that the primary threat to the city came from the north. Reflecting that belief, much of the material intended to protect the city was sent to strongpoints on the Mississippi, such as Island Number 10, Fort Pillow, and Memphis. The immediate vicinity of the city was actually weakened as guns were withdrawn for use in distant campaigns, as for example that leading to the Battle of Shiloh. The region was also stripped of men of military age.[19] Confederate Major General Mansfield Lovell, commander of Department No. 1,[20] put much more credence in the buildup in the Gulf than did his distant superiors. Flag Officer George N. Hollins, CSN, in charge of the Confederate naval forces on the Mississippi at the time, personally agreed with Lovell, but his orders did not permit him to act on his beliefs.[21]
Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip were under the local command of Brigadier General Johnson K. Duncan. The average quality of the soldiers in the garrison was probably not as high as Lovell and Duncan would have liked; the most militant had been drawn off for other fields, leaving the irresolute and the unfit. Because New Orleans was something of an international city, the ranks contained a greater proportion of foreign-born soldiers than most units of the Confederate Army. Nevertheless, they could be expected to perform their duty, even if they would not make extraordinary exertions.[22]
The forts around the city[23] were supplemented by two chains stretched across the river to prevent passage. (The chains were sometimes referred to as either 'rafts' or 'booms' in the reports.) One chain was placed above the city, and had no effect on the battle.[24] The other was placed just below the forts, where enemy vessels trying to break it would come under their fire. This barrier was much more important than its counterpart. Originally put in place soon after Lovell took command of the Department, it broke under the weight of debris washed down the river in the spring floods. It was repaired, but Lovell did not consider the replacement as good as the original.[25]
Additional defense was provided by several ships and boats[26] that were grouped into three separate organizations, with no common command. The largest of these (by firepower) was a contingent of the Confederate States Navy: three ironclads, CSS Manassas, Louisiana, and Mississippi; two more traditional warships, converted from merchantmen, CSS McRae and Jackson, and several unarmed support craft. The state of Louisiana furnished two ships of the Louisiana Provisional Navy, General Quitman and Governor Moore. Last were six cottonclad rams of the River Defense Fleet, nominally a part of the Confederate States Army but commanded by civilian captains and with mostly civilian crews: Warrior, Stonewall Jackson, Defiance, Resolute, General Lovell, and General Breckinridge (also known as R. J. Breckinridge).[27] Also present were several tugs and unarmored harbor craft, of which two, Belle Algerine and Mosher, must be mentioned for the parts they played in the battle.
With three separate organizations in the confined waters of the lower Mississippi, the fleet command situation was already bad enough, but it began to deteriorate further when the buildup of Farragut's fleet in the lower river became apparent. Flag Officer Hollins was at this time near Memphis, which represented the then-northernmost holdings of the Confederacy on the river, and the Confederate War Department insisted that no effort should be spared to maintain possession. Hollins was sure that the threat from the Gulf was much more severe than Richmond thought, so he was prepared to listen when General Lovell pleaded for him to come down to New Orleans to help in its defense. When there, he sent a telegram to Richmond seeking permission to attack Farragut's ships while they were still lightened to be brought in across the bar. His pleas were so insistent that they virtually amounted to insubordination. Hollins was called to Richmond, ostensibly to serve on an examination board, but in effect to be removed from active service.[28] By default, command of the Confederate Navy vessels in the vicinity of New Orleans fell on the shoulders of Commander William C. Whittle, up to that time commandant of the navy yard there. Whittle did not consider himself able to handle all of his new duties, so on April 18 he passed command of CSS McRae, Jackson, and Manassas, together with their support vessels, to his executive officer, Commander John K. Mitchell.[29] These were all the Confederate Naval vessels afloat at the time; Louisiana and Mississippi had not yet been launched, and were explicitly not controlled by Whittle or Mitchell. Later, when Louisiana was launched but before she was completed, she joined the others in Mitchell's domain.[30]
General Lovell tried to reduce command confusion by ordering that all vessels afloat should likewise take orders from Commander Mitchell. However, Captain John A. Stephenson, leading the River Defense Fleet, refused to accept Navy orders.[31] He was able to get away with this act of seeming mutiny because the relation of his fleet to the Army was contractual rather than military.
[edit]The battle
First phase: the bombardment, April 18 through 23
Porter's 21 mortar schooners were in place on April 18. They were placed close to the river banks downstream from the barrier chain, which was still in place. Their tops were covered with bushes for camouflage; this was replaced as soon as it was stripped away by the shock of firing their weapons. Commencing in the early morning, the mortars kept up a steady fire all day. Porter had specified a rate of a shot every ten minutes from each mortar, which would have kept a shot in the air throughout the bombardment. The rate could not be maintained, but more than 1400 shots were fired on the first day. The rate of fire was somewhat less on subsequent days.[33]
The fuses in the shells proved to be unreliable, with the result that many of the shells exploded prematurely. To eliminate the problem, on the second and subsequent days of the bombardment, Porter ordered that all fuses should be cut to full length. The shells therefore hit the ground before exploding; they would sink into the soft earth, which would then muffle the effects of the blast. because it was nearer to the Federal mortars, Fort Jackson suffered more damage than did Fort St. Philip, but even there it was minimal. Only seven pieces of artillery were disabled, and only two men were killed in the bombardment. Return fire on Porter's vessels was about equally ineffective; one schooner was sunk, and one man was killed by enemy action (another man died when he fell from the rigging. ).[35]
Porter had rashly promised Welles and Fox that the mortar fleet would reduce both forts to rubble in 48 hours.[36] Though this did not happen, and the immediate fighting capacity of the forts were only marginally affected, a survey of Fort Jackson after the battle did note the following damage:
the scows and boats near the fort except three small ones were sunk. The drawbridge, hot shot furnaces and fresh water cisterns were destroyed. The floors of the casemates were flooded, the levee having been broken. All the platforms for pitching tents on were destroyed by fire or shells. All the casemates were cracked (the roof in some places being entirely broken through) and masses of brick dislodged in numerous instances. The outer walls of the fort were cracked from top to bottom admitting daylight freely. Four guns were dismounted, eleven carriages and thirty beds and traverses injured. 1113 mortar shells and 87 round shot were counted in the solid ground of the fort and levees. 3339 mortar shells are computed to have fallen in the ditches and overflowed parts of the defenses. 1080 shells exploded in the air over the fort. 7500 bombs were fired.[38]
Brigadier General Duncan, CSA, commanding the forts, described damage to Fort Jackson on the first day, April 18:
The quarters in the bastions were fired and burned down early in the day, as well as the quarters immediately without the fort. The citadel was set on fire and extinguished several times during the first part of the day, but later it became impossible to put out the flames, so that when the enemy ceased firing it was one burning mass, greatly endangering the magazines, which at one time were reported to be on fire. Many of the men and most of the officers lost their bedding and clothing by these fires, which greatly added to the discomforts of the overflow. The mortar fire was accurate and terrible, many of the shells falling everywhere within the fort and disabling some of our best guns.
General Duncan recorded 2,997 mortar shells fired on that day.[39]
This kind of damage made life in Fort Jackson a misery when combined with constant flooding from high water within the fort. The crew could be safe from mortar fragments and falling debris only within the dank and partially flooded casemates. Lack of shelter, food, blankets, sleeping quarters, drinkable water, along with the depressing effects of days of heavy, unanswered shelling were hard to bear. When combined with sickness and the ever-present corrosive fear, conditions were definitely a drain on morale. These factors contributed to the mutiny of the Fort Jackson garrison on the 28th of April. This mutiny began a subsequent collapse of resistance downriver from the city. Fort St. Phillips was also surrendered, the CSS Louisiana blown up and even the Confederate fleet on Lake Pontchartrain was destroyed to avoid capture. The general collapse of morale began with the mutiny and greatly simplified the occupation of New Orleans by the Union navy.[40]
The Confederate authorities had long believed that the Navy's ironclad ships, particularly CSS Louisiana, would render the river impregnable against assaults such as they were now experiencing. Although Louisiana was not yet finished, Generals Lovell and Duncan pressed Commodore Whittle to hurry the preparation. Acceding to their wishes against his better judgment, Whittle had the ship launched prematurely and added to Commander Mitchell's fleet even while workmen were still fitting her out. On the second day of the bombardment, she was towed (too late, her owners found that her engines were not strong enough to enable her to buck the current) to a position on the left bank, upstream from Fort St. Philip, where she became in effect a floating battery. Mitchell would not move her closer because her armor would not protect her from the plunging shot of Porter's mortars. However, because her guns could not be elevated, they could not be brought to bear on the enemy so long as they remained below the forts.[41]
After several days of bombardment, the return fire from the forts showed no signs of slackening, so Farragut began to execute his own plan. On April 20, he ordered three of his gunboats, Kineo, Itasca, and Pinola to break the chain blocking the river. Although they did not succeed in removing it altogether, they were able to open a gap large enough for the flag officer's purposes.[42]
For various reasons, Farragut was not able to make his attack until the early morning of April 24.
Second phase: passing the forts
resolved to pass the forts, Farragut somewhat modified his fleet arrangements by adding two ships to Captain Bailey's first section of gunboats, thereby eliminating one of his ship sections. After the alteration, the fleet disposition was as follows:[44]
First section, Captain Theodorus Bailey: USS Cayuga, Pensacola (ship), USS*Mississippi, Oneida, Varuna, Katahdin, Kineo, and Wissahickon.
Second section (ships), Flag Officer Farragut: USS Hartford, Brooklyn, and Richmond.
Third section, Captain Henry H. Bell: USS Sciota, Iroquois, Kennebec, Pinola, Itasca, and Winona.
The ship Portsmouth was left to protect the mortar schooners.
When passing the forts, the fleet was to form two columns. The starboard column would fire on Fort St. Philip, while the port column would fire on Fort Jackson. They were not to stop and slug it out with the forts, however, but to pass by as quickly as possible. Farragut hoped that the combination of darkness and smoke would obscure the aim of the gunners in the forts, and his vessels could pass by relatively unscathed.
At approximately 03:00 on April 24, the fleet got under way and headed for the gap in the chain that had blocked the channel. Soon after passing that obstacle, they were spotted by men in the forts, which promptly opened up with all their available firepower. As Farragut had hoped, however, their aim was poor, and his fleet suffered little significant damage. His own gunners' aim was no better, of course, and the forts likewise sustained little damage. The last three gunboats in the column were turned back. Itasca was disabled by a shot in her boilers and drifted out of action; the others (Pinola and Winona) turned back because dawn was breaking and not because of Rebel gun practice.[45]
The Confederate fleet did very little in this stage of the battle. CSS Louisiana was finally able to use her guns, but with little effect.[46] The armored ram CSS Manassas came in early and tried to engage the enemy, but the gunners in the forts made no distinction between Manassas and members of the Federal fleet, firing on friend and foe indiscriminately. Her captain, Lieutenant Commanding Alexander F. Warley, therefore took his vessel back up the river, to attack when he would be fired upon by only the Union fleet.[47]
Once past the forts, the head of the Federal column came under attack by some of the Confederate ships, while some of the vessels further back in the column were still under the fire of the forts. Because of their fragmented command structure, the Confederate ships did not coordinate their movements, so the battle degenerated to a jumble of individual ship-on-ship encounters.
CSS Manassas rammed both USS*Mississippi and Brooklyn, but did not disable either. As dawn broke, she found herself caught between two Union ships and was able to attack neither, so Captain Warley ordered her run ashore. The crew abandoned the vessel and set her afire. Later, she floated free from the bank, still afire, and finally sank in view of Porter's mortar schooners.[48]
Tug Mosher pushed a fire raft against the flagship USS Hartford, and was rewarded for her daring by a broadside from the latter that sent her to the bottom. Hartford, while attempting to avoid the fire raft, ran ashore not far upstream from Fort St. Philip. Although she was then within range of the guns of the fort, they could not be brought to bear, so the flagship was able to extinguish the flames and work her way off the bank with little significant damage.[49]
In getting under way, Governor Moore was fouled by and ran into the Confederate tug Belle Algerine, sinking her. Attacking the Union fleet, she found USS Varuna ahead of the rest of the fleet. A long chase ensued, both ships firing on each other as Governor Moore pursued the Federal vessel. Despite losing a large part of her crew during the chase, she was eventually able to ram Varuna. The cottonclad ram Stonewall Jackson, of the River Defense Fleet also managed to ram. Varuna was able to reach shallow water near the bank before she sank, the only vessel lost from the attacking fleet. Captain Beverley Kennon of Governor Moore would have continued the fight, but his steersman had had enough and drove the ship ashore. Kennon, apparently realizing that his steersman was correct and that the ship was unable to do any more, ordered her abandoned and set afire.[50]
CSS McRae engaged several members of the Federal fleet in an uneven contest that saw her captain, Lieutenant Commanding Thomas B. Huger, mortally wounded. McRae herself was badly holed, and although she survived the battle, she later sank at her moorings in New Orleans.[51]
None of the rest of the Confederate flotilla did any harm to the Union fleet, and most of them were sunk, either by enemy action or by their own hands. The survivors, in addition to McRae, were CSS Jackson, ram Defiance, and transport Diana. Two unarmed tenders were surrendered to the mortar flotilla with the forts. Louisiana also survived the battle, but was scuttled rather than be surrendered.[52]
In summary, during the run of the fleet past the forts, the Union Navy lost one vessel, while the defenders lost twelve.
Surrender of New Orleans and the forts
The Union fleet faced only token opposition at Chalmette, and thereafter had clear sailing to New Orleans. The fourteen vessels remaining arrived there in the afternoon of April 25 and laid the city under their guns. In the meantime, General Lovell had evacuated the troops that had been in the city, so no defense was possible. Panic-stricken citizens broke into stores, burned cotton and other supplies, and destroyed much of the waterfront. The unfinished CSS Mississippi was hastily launched; it was hoped that she could be towed to Memphis, but no towboats could be found, so she was burned by order of her captain. Farragut demanded the surrender of the city. The mayor and city council tried to buck the unpleasant duty up to Lovell, but he passed it back to them. After three days of fruitless negotiations, Farragut sent two officers ashore with a detachment of sailors and marines. They went to the Custom House, where they hauled down the state flag and ran up the United States flag. That signified the official return of the city to the Union.[53]
Fort St. Philip in 1862.
Meanwhile, General Butler was preparing his soldiers for an attack on the forts that were now in Farragut's rear. Commodore Porter, now in charge of the flotilla still below the forts, delivered a demand to surrender to the forts, but General Duncan refused. Accordingly, Porter again began to bombard the forts, this time in preparation for Butler's assault. However, on the night of April 29, the enlisted garrison in Fort Jackson mutinied and refused to endure more. Although Fort St. Philip was not involved in the mutiny, the interdependence of the two forts meant that it was also affected. Unable to continue the battle, Duncan capitulated the next day.[54]
The end of CSS Louisiana came at this time. Commander Mitchell, who represented the Confederate States Navy in the vicinity of the forts, was not included in the surrender negotiations. He therefore did not consider it his duty to observe the truce that had been declared, so he ordered Louisiana to be destroyed. Set afire, she soon parted her lines and floated down the river and blew up as she passed Fort St. Philip; the blast was strong enough to kill one soldier in the fort.[55]
Aftermath
Forts Jackson and St. Philip had been the shell of the Confederate defenses on the lower Mississippi, and nothing now stood between the Gulf and Memphis. After a few days spent repairing battle damage his ships had suffered, Farragut sent expeditions north to demand the surrender of other cities on the river. With no effective means of defense, Baton Rouge and Natchez complied. At Vicksburg, however, the guns of the ships could not reach the Confederate fortifications atop the bluffs, and the small army contingent that was with them could not force the issue. Farragut settled into a siege, but was forced to withdraw when falling levels of the river threatened to strand his deep-water ships. Vicksburg would not fall until another year had passed.
The fall of New Orleans as a consequence of the battle may also have swayed European powers, primarily Great Britain and France, not to recognize the Confederacy diplomatically. Confederate agents abroad noted that they were generally received more coolly, if at all, after word of loss of the city reached London and Paris.[56]
[edit]See also
farmersdaughter
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April 19 1862
The battle of Camden, North-Carolina, was fought this day. Day before yesterday Gen. Reno left Newborn and proceeded to Roanoke Island, from which place he took about two thousand men and proceeded to Elizabeth City, where a strong rebel force was reported to be intrenching themselves.
To-day, an advance was made upon the rebels, who opened fire with their artillery as soon as the Union troops made their appearance. The troops immediately formed in line of battle, and charged on the enemy, who ran at the first fire. The Nationals then immediately took possession of the town, and after remaining there for a few hours, retired to the main army.
The force was about two thousand men, under Gen. Reno, and three boat-howitzers, under Col. Howard. The force of the rebels consisted of a Georgia regiment, numbering eleven hundred men, a portion of Wises Legion, and two batteries of artillery. The enemy was totally routed, with a loss of about sixty men. The National loss was about twelve killed and forty-eight wounded. Col. Hawkins, of the New-York Zouaves, received a slight flesh-wound in the arm. The adjutant of Col. Hawkinss regiment was killed. (Doc. 134.)
General Banks at Newmarket, Va., sent the following to the War Department:
To-day I have been to the bridges on the south fork of the Shenandoah, in the Massanutton valley, with a force of cavalry, infantry, and artillery, to protect the two important bridges that cross the river. We were within sight of Luray, at the south bridge. A sharp skirmish occurred with the rebels, in which they lost several men taken prisoners. Their object was the destruction of the bridges. One of the prisoners left the camp on the bank of the Rappahannock Tuesday morning. There were no fortifications there up to that time. Other reports indicate a stronger force at Gordonsville and a contest there, the whole resulting in a belief that they are concentrating at Yorktown. I believe Jackson left this valley yesterday. He is reported to have left Harrisonburgh yesterday for Gordonsville by the mountain road. He encamped last night at McGaugeytown, eleven miles from Harrisonburgh.
The anniversary of the attack upon and massacre of Massachusetts troops in Baltimore was noticed in Boston by a grand Promenade Concert given in Music Hall in the evening, for the benefit of the soldiers.
In Worcester, the day was noticed as a commemoration of the marching of the Minute Men for Lexington on the nineteenth of April, 1775, under command of Capts. Bigelow and Flagg, of the passing of the Worcester Light Infantry through Baltimore on the nineteenth of April, 1861, and also of the dedication of the Bigelow Monument. The Tatnuck Fremont Guards, and other volunteers, paraded as the Minute Men of 1775, and the McClellan Guards and Highland Cadets as the Minute Men of 1862.
At Baltimore, the anniversary was also commemorated in an appropriate manner by the loyal citizens of that place.Boston Traveller.
The rebel schooner Wave was captured this day, by the pilot-boat G. W. Blunt, off the coast of South-Carolina.New-York Tribune, May 6.
The Independent Battalion Enfants Perdus, N. Y. S. V., under the command of Col. Felix Confort, left New-York for the seat of war. Previous to their departure, a handsome national standard of silk, regulation size, was presented, in an eloquent speech, by the Rev. Samuel Osgood, on behalf of the daughter of Gen. Tyler. New-York Tribune, April 21.
A party of rebels concealed on Edisto Island, having fired upon a national party, sent out from the United States steamer Crusader, to assist the Government agent in raising cotton, Lieut. Rhind of the steamer planned an expedition to capture the rebels. Late last night the expedition, composed of sixty men from the Third New-Hampshire and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania regiments, landed and marching through the swamps, this morning discovered the enemy, who fled on receiving the fire of a platoon of the Pennsylvanians. At daylight a force of rebel mounted riflemen made their appearance, and opened fire; but after a skirmish of twenty minutes they retreated. Their loss was unknown. The Nationals had three wounded. (Doc. 144.)
The Petersburgh, Va., Express, of this date, has the following: Another requisition, we understand, has just been made on the slaveholders of Prince George and Surry Counties, for one half the negroes between the ages of sixteen and fifty years, to go to Williamsburgh to work on the fortifications in that vicinity. Not knowing the exigencies of the public service, we presume the demand is all right; but we have serious apprehensions that these fertile counties will contribute but a very small quota of the staff of life for the support of the country another year. The abstraction of so great an amount of labor could not have occurred at a more critical moment
The advanced guard of Gen. Bankss army occupied this morning the village of Sparta, eight miles in front of New-Market, Va. For the first time in their retreat the rebels burned the small bridges on the road, obstructing by the smallest possible means the pursuit of the National troops. Some dozen or more bridges were thus destroyed, but immediately reconstructed. Gen. Bankss Despatch.
The United States gunboat Huron captured, off Charleston, the schooner Glide, of Charleston, while attempting to run the blockade. She was bound to Nassau, and was loaded with one thousand bales of cotton and five tierces of rice. Her papers and log-book were thrown overboard during the chase.
Major-gen. David Hunter, U.S.A., commanding the Department of the South, this day issued the following proclamation:
It having been proven to the entire satisfaction of the General Commanding the Department of the South that the bearer, named William Jenkins, heretofore held in involuntary servitude, has been directly employed to aid and assist those in rebellion against the United States of America.
Now be it known to all that, agreeably to the laws, I declare the said person free, and forever absolved from all claims to his services. Both he and his wife and his children have full right to go North, South, East, or West, as they may decide.Baltimore American.
The city council of Fredericksburgh, Va., waited upon Gen. Augur, of the National forces, stating that the confederate forces had evacuated that place, etc., that no resistance would be made to its occupation by the National troops.
The battle of Camden, North-Carolina, was fought this day. Day before yesterday Gen. Reno left Newborn and proceeded to Roanoke Island, from which place he took about two thousand men and proceeded to Elizabeth City, where a strong rebel force was reported to be intrenching themselves.
To-day, an advance was made upon the rebels, who opened fire with their artillery as soon as the Union troops made their appearance. The troops immediately formed in line of battle, and charged on the enemy, who ran at the first fire. The Nationals then immediately took possession of the town, and after remaining there for a few hours, retired to the main army.
The force was about two thousand men, under Gen. Reno, and three boat-howitzers, under Col. Howard. The force of the rebels consisted of a Georgia regiment, numbering eleven hundred men, a portion of Wises Legion, and two batteries of artillery. The enemy was totally routed, with a loss of about sixty men. The National loss was about twelve killed and forty-eight wounded. Col. Hawkins, of the New-York Zouaves, received a slight flesh-wound in the arm. The adjutant of Col. Hawkinss regiment was killed. (Doc. 134.)
General Banks at Newmarket, Va., sent the following to the War Department:
To-day I have been to the bridges on the south fork of the Shenandoah, in the Massanutton valley, with a force of cavalry, infantry, and artillery, to protect the two important bridges that cross the river. We were within sight of Luray, at the south bridge. A sharp skirmish occurred with the rebels, in which they lost several men taken prisoners. Their object was the destruction of the bridges. One of the prisoners left the camp on the bank of the Rappahannock Tuesday morning. There were no fortifications there up to that time. Other reports indicate a stronger force at Gordonsville and a contest there, the whole resulting in a belief that they are concentrating at Yorktown. I believe Jackson left this valley yesterday. He is reported to have left Harrisonburgh yesterday for Gordonsville by the mountain road. He encamped last night at McGaugeytown, eleven miles from Harrisonburgh.
The anniversary of the attack upon and massacre of Massachusetts troops in Baltimore was noticed in Boston by a grand Promenade Concert given in Music Hall in the evening, for the benefit of the soldiers.
In Worcester, the day was noticed as a commemoration of the marching of the Minute Men for Lexington on the nineteenth of April, 1775, under command of Capts. Bigelow and Flagg, of the passing of the Worcester Light Infantry through Baltimore on the nineteenth of April, 1861, and also of the dedication of the Bigelow Monument. The Tatnuck Fremont Guards, and other volunteers, paraded as the Minute Men of 1775, and the McClellan Guards and Highland Cadets as the Minute Men of 1862.
At Baltimore, the anniversary was also commemorated in an appropriate manner by the loyal citizens of that place.Boston Traveller.
The rebel schooner Wave was captured this day, by the pilot-boat G. W. Blunt, off the coast of South-Carolina.New-York Tribune, May 6.
The Independent Battalion Enfants Perdus, N. Y. S. V., under the command of Col. Felix Confort, left New-York for the seat of war. Previous to their departure, a handsome national standard of silk, regulation size, was presented, in an eloquent speech, by the Rev. Samuel Osgood, on behalf of the daughter of Gen. Tyler. New-York Tribune, April 21.
A party of rebels concealed on Edisto Island, having fired upon a national party, sent out from the United States steamer Crusader, to assist the Government agent in raising cotton, Lieut. Rhind of the steamer planned an expedition to capture the rebels. Late last night the expedition, composed of sixty men from the Third New-Hampshire and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania regiments, landed and marching through the swamps, this morning discovered the enemy, who fled on receiving the fire of a platoon of the Pennsylvanians. At daylight a force of rebel mounted riflemen made their appearance, and opened fire; but after a skirmish of twenty minutes they retreated. Their loss was unknown. The Nationals had three wounded. (Doc. 144.)
The Petersburgh, Va., Express, of this date, has the following: Another requisition, we understand, has just been made on the slaveholders of Prince George and Surry Counties, for one half the negroes between the ages of sixteen and fifty years, to go to Williamsburgh to work on the fortifications in that vicinity. Not knowing the exigencies of the public service, we presume the demand is all right; but we have serious apprehensions that these fertile counties will contribute but a very small quota of the staff of life for the support of the country another year. The abstraction of so great an amount of labor could not have occurred at a more critical moment
The advanced guard of Gen. Bankss army occupied this morning the village of Sparta, eight miles in front of New-Market, Va. For the first time in their retreat the rebels burned the small bridges on the road, obstructing by the smallest possible means the pursuit of the National troops. Some dozen or more bridges were thus destroyed, but immediately reconstructed. Gen. Bankss Despatch.
The United States gunboat Huron captured, off Charleston, the schooner Glide, of Charleston, while attempting to run the blockade. She was bound to Nassau, and was loaded with one thousand bales of cotton and five tierces of rice. Her papers and log-book were thrown overboard during the chase.
Major-gen. David Hunter, U.S.A., commanding the Department of the South, this day issued the following proclamation:
It having been proven to the entire satisfaction of the General Commanding the Department of the South that the bearer, named William Jenkins, heretofore held in involuntary servitude, has been directly employed to aid and assist those in rebellion against the United States of America.
Now be it known to all that, agreeably to the laws, I declare the said person free, and forever absolved from all claims to his services. Both he and his wife and his children have full right to go North, South, East, or West, as they may decide.Baltimore American.
The city council of Fredericksburgh, Va., waited upon Gen. Augur, of the National forces, stating that the confederate forces had evacuated that place, etc., that no resistance would be made to its occupation by the National troops.
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Battle of South Mills or Battle of Camden
April 19 1862
A minor battle during the Federal campaign that captured most of the coast of North Carolina early in 1862. A combined operation under General Burnside had captured Roanoke Island (7-8 February). His fleet had then chased a small Confederate fleet north to Elizabeth City, on Albemarle Sound, destroying it and briefly capturing the port (10 February).
Elizabeth City was directly connected to the great naval base at Norfolk, Virginia by the Dismal Swamp canal, which joined the river about Elizabeth City at South Mills. At the start of 1862 Norfolk was in Confederate hands, and was the centre of Confederate efforts to build an ironclad warship capable of breaking the Union blockade of the south. Rumours began to reach the Federal soldiers at Elizabeth City that a fleet of small ironclads, capable of passing down the Dismal Swamp canal, were being built at Norfolk. If this was true, then the Unions wooden gunboat fleet was suddenly very vulnerable.
It was quickly decided to send an expedition to South Mills to destroy the locks connecting the canal to the river. Command of this expedition was given to General Jesse Reno. He was given five regiments and four guns. Against him the Confederates could muster one infantry regiment, some local militiamen, one company of cavalry and four guns. They did have a very strong position, flanked on both sides by swamps and strengthened skilfully by Colonel Ambrose Wright, the senior Confederate officer at South Mills.
On 18 April the Federal force landed near Elizabeth City, sixteen miles from South Mills. One brigade was mislead by a Confederate agent, and ended up marching thirty miles, delaying their attack until the following day.
Fighting began at 1 p.m. when the Union advance guard discovered the Confederate position. Fighting continued for nearly three hours, but despite superior numbers the Federal troops were unable to achieve any breakthrough. Finally, the Confederate artillery ran out of ammunition, and withdrew from the battlefield. They withdrew two miles, to Joys Creek, where they could still protect the canal.
Reno now received a report that Confederate reinforcements were coming from Norfolk, and decided to return to the boats. The expedition to South Mills resulted in one of the few Union failures during the Burnside expedition. The Confederates had lost 28 men (6 dead, 19 wounded and 3 prisoners) while inflicting 127 casualties (13 dead, 101 wounded and 13 captured). The locks in the Dismal Swamp canal remained intact for the rest of the war. Sadly for the Confederate position on the North Carolina fence, the rumoured ironclads that had triggered the Federal expedition had never existed. The only ironclad launched at Norfolk was the C.S.S. Virginia, and under no circumstances could she travel down any canal! Union control of the waters of Albemarle Sound was unchallenged.
April 19 1862
A minor battle during the Federal campaign that captured most of the coast of North Carolina early in 1862. A combined operation under General Burnside had captured Roanoke Island (7-8 February). His fleet had then chased a small Confederate fleet north to Elizabeth City, on Albemarle Sound, destroying it and briefly capturing the port (10 February).
Elizabeth City was directly connected to the great naval base at Norfolk, Virginia by the Dismal Swamp canal, which joined the river about Elizabeth City at South Mills. At the start of 1862 Norfolk was in Confederate hands, and was the centre of Confederate efforts to build an ironclad warship capable of breaking the Union blockade of the south. Rumours began to reach the Federal soldiers at Elizabeth City that a fleet of small ironclads, capable of passing down the Dismal Swamp canal, were being built at Norfolk. If this was true, then the Unions wooden gunboat fleet was suddenly very vulnerable.
It was quickly decided to send an expedition to South Mills to destroy the locks connecting the canal to the river. Command of this expedition was given to General Jesse Reno. He was given five regiments and four guns. Against him the Confederates could muster one infantry regiment, some local militiamen, one company of cavalry and four guns. They did have a very strong position, flanked on both sides by swamps and strengthened skilfully by Colonel Ambrose Wright, the senior Confederate officer at South Mills.
On 18 April the Federal force landed near Elizabeth City, sixteen miles from South Mills. One brigade was mislead by a Confederate agent, and ended up marching thirty miles, delaying their attack until the following day.
Fighting began at 1 p.m. when the Union advance guard discovered the Confederate position. Fighting continued for nearly three hours, but despite superior numbers the Federal troops were unable to achieve any breakthrough. Finally, the Confederate artillery ran out of ammunition, and withdrew from the battlefield. They withdrew two miles, to Joys Creek, where they could still protect the canal.
Reno now received a report that Confederate reinforcements were coming from Norfolk, and decided to return to the boats. The expedition to South Mills resulted in one of the few Union failures during the Burnside expedition. The Confederates had lost 28 men (6 dead, 19 wounded and 3 prisoners) while inflicting 127 casualties (13 dead, 101 wounded and 13 captured). The locks in the Dismal Swamp canal remained intact for the rest of the war. Sadly for the Confederate position on the North Carolina fence, the rumoured ironclads that had triggered the Federal expedition had never existed. The only ironclad launched at Norfolk was the C.S.S. Virginia, and under no circumstances could she travel down any canal! Union control of the waters of Albemarle Sound was unchallenged.
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April 20 1862
The flight of the rebel Gen. Jackson from the Shenandoah Valley, by way of the mountains, from Harrisonburgh towards Stannardsvillc and Orange Court-House, on Gordonsville, was confirmed this morning by the scouts and prisoners at Gen. Bankss headquarters, at New-Market, Va,Gen. Bankss Despatch.
The flight of the rebel Gen. Jackson from the Shenandoah Valley, by way of the mountains, from Harrisonburgh towards Stannardsvillc and Orange Court-House, on Gordonsville, was confirmed this morning by the scouts and prisoners at Gen. Bankss headquarters, at New-Market, Va,Gen. Bankss Despatch.
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April 21 1862
The United States Circuit Court, for the middle district of Tennessee, held its first (preliminary) session, since the secession of the State, in the court-room of the capital at Nashville, Judge John Catron presiding.Chicago Times.
The Provost-Marshals force at Richmond, Va., arrested three citizens of that place, named Jas. Humphreys, Benj. Humphreys, watchmakers, and J. T. Pritchard, formerly a clerk of G. R. Peake, all for disloyalty. The prisoners were defiant in their remarks, saying that they owed allegiance to the United States alone, etc All three of them are Virginians by birth.Richmond Despatch, April 22.
Gen. Milroy, at the head of a reconnoitring force, overtook the rear-guard of the rebel cavalry six miles west of the railroad, near Buffalo Gap, Augusta County, Western Virginia. They fled, rapidly pursued by the Nationals. Milroy learned that their main body stopped the previous night six miles beyond Buffalo Gap, but finding they were cut off at Staunton by Gen. Banks, they bore south-west, through both Bath and Alleghany Counties, toward the James River.
A company that was sent by General Milroy down the north fork of the Potomac, in Pendleton County, captured eight rebels, including Barnett, a notorious guerrilla.New York Commercial, April 25.
The ship R. C. Files was captured by the National fleet, while attempting to run the blockade of Mobile, Ala.New-York Tribune, May 9.
The United States Circuit Court, for the middle district of Tennessee, held its first (preliminary) session, since the secession of the State, in the court-room of the capital at Nashville, Judge John Catron presiding.Chicago Times.
The Provost-Marshals force at Richmond, Va., arrested three citizens of that place, named Jas. Humphreys, Benj. Humphreys, watchmakers, and J. T. Pritchard, formerly a clerk of G. R. Peake, all for disloyalty. The prisoners were defiant in their remarks, saying that they owed allegiance to the United States alone, etc All three of them are Virginians by birth.Richmond Despatch, April 22.
Gen. Milroy, at the head of a reconnoitring force, overtook the rear-guard of the rebel cavalry six miles west of the railroad, near Buffalo Gap, Augusta County, Western Virginia. They fled, rapidly pursued by the Nationals. Milroy learned that their main body stopped the previous night six miles beyond Buffalo Gap, but finding they were cut off at Staunton by Gen. Banks, they bore south-west, through both Bath and Alleghany Counties, toward the James River.
A company that was sent by General Milroy down the north fork of the Potomac, in Pendleton County, captured eight rebels, including Barnett, a notorious guerrilla.New York Commercial, April 25.
The ship R. C. Files was captured by the National fleet, while attempting to run the blockade of Mobile, Ala.New-York Tribune, May 9.
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April 22 1862
The special committee of the United States Senate made a report to-day on the resolution instructing them to inquire into the allegations of disloyalty made against Senator Starke, of Oregon, whose case had occupied the Senate some time, but resulted in his admission as Senator. The special committee considered the same evidence that was before the Committee on the Judiciary, and also heard Mr. Starke at great length in reply. In this he assumed that he was loyal, and intimated that the committee had better inquire into the character and allegations of his assailants in Oregon. The committee arrived at the following conclusions:
First. That for many months, prior to the twenty-first of November, 1861, and up to that time, Mr. Starke was an ardent advocate of the cause of the rebellious States.
Second. That after the formation of the Constitution of the confederate States, he openly declared his admiration for it, and desired the absorption of the loyal States of the Union into the Southern Confederacy under that Constitution, as the only means of peace, and warmly avowing his sympathy with that cause.
Third. That the Senator from Oregon is disloyal to the Government of the United States.
The first boat-load of cotton and tobacco from the Tennessee River since the commencement of the rebellion arrived at Pittsburgh, Pa., having left Nashville last week, and will pass over the Pennsylvania Railroad to-day.N. Y. Evening Post, April 22.
This day the rebels came out from their rifle-pits in front of Lees Mills, Va., killing one of the National pickets. After he was dead about thirty of them fired their pieces into his head, completely riddling it with bullets. The officer then commanding the reserve ordered his men to charge on the rebels, which was willingly responded to, resulting in several of them being killed and one taken prisoner. Two men were killed on the National side and one mortally wounded.Ohio Statesman, April 25.
The rebel Congress at Richmond adjourned, to meet again in August. The Richmond Whig says: For fear of accidents on the railroad, the stampeded Congress left in a number of the strongest and newest canal-boats. These boats are drawn by mules of approved sweetness of temper. To protect the stampeders from the snakes and bull-frogs that abound along the line of the canal, Gen. Winder has detailed a regiment of ladies to march in advance of the mules and clear the tow-path of the pirates. The regiment is armed with pop-guns of the longest range. The ladies will accompany the stampeders to a secluded cave in the mountains of Hepsidam, and leave them there in charge of the children of the vicinage, until McClellan thinks proper to lot them come forth. The ladies return to the defence of their country.
The National steamer Yankee ascended the Rappahannock River this day to Fredericksburgh, Va., having passed the obstructions placed in the river seven miles below the town in safety.The Potomac flotilla captured seven rebel schooners one with a valuable cargo of dry goods, medicines, and saltpetreand also two small steamers. Baltimore American, April 23.
This afternoon the National gunboat Anacostia, on her way down the Potomac River, when near Lowrys Point was fired into by a party of rebel infantry, who were dispersed by a couple of shells from the gunboat N. Y. Tribune, April 26.
Col. Donnelly, of Gen. Bankss forces, made a reconnoissance this day toward Harrisonburgh, Va. When approaching he was fired on by the rebel cavalry scouts. Two companies of the Ohio cavalry were deployed on the left, toward Gordonsville turnpike, the same number of the Vermont cavalry on the right, and the Michigan cavalry on the centre; Hamptons battery and the Connecticut Fifth formed the reserve.
The rebel cavalry, after the first fire, retreated to the town, where they joined their command, and when escaping by the Gordonsville route, were passed by the Ohio cavalry. Seven men and eleven horses were captured the rest escaped. The town was then entered and occupied by Col. Donnelly and the cavalry. Jacksons Winchester hostages, whom he released near Shenandoah, on their parole of honor, were found in the town. Two had died of fatigue and want of attention.N. Y. Commercial, April 24.
The special committee of the United States Senate made a report to-day on the resolution instructing them to inquire into the allegations of disloyalty made against Senator Starke, of Oregon, whose case had occupied the Senate some time, but resulted in his admission as Senator. The special committee considered the same evidence that was before the Committee on the Judiciary, and also heard Mr. Starke at great length in reply. In this he assumed that he was loyal, and intimated that the committee had better inquire into the character and allegations of his assailants in Oregon. The committee arrived at the following conclusions:
First. That for many months, prior to the twenty-first of November, 1861, and up to that time, Mr. Starke was an ardent advocate of the cause of the rebellious States.
Second. That after the formation of the Constitution of the confederate States, he openly declared his admiration for it, and desired the absorption of the loyal States of the Union into the Southern Confederacy under that Constitution, as the only means of peace, and warmly avowing his sympathy with that cause.
Third. That the Senator from Oregon is disloyal to the Government of the United States.
The first boat-load of cotton and tobacco from the Tennessee River since the commencement of the rebellion arrived at Pittsburgh, Pa., having left Nashville last week, and will pass over the Pennsylvania Railroad to-day.N. Y. Evening Post, April 22.
This day the rebels came out from their rifle-pits in front of Lees Mills, Va., killing one of the National pickets. After he was dead about thirty of them fired their pieces into his head, completely riddling it with bullets. The officer then commanding the reserve ordered his men to charge on the rebels, which was willingly responded to, resulting in several of them being killed and one taken prisoner. Two men were killed on the National side and one mortally wounded.Ohio Statesman, April 25.
The rebel Congress at Richmond adjourned, to meet again in August. The Richmond Whig says: For fear of accidents on the railroad, the stampeded Congress left in a number of the strongest and newest canal-boats. These boats are drawn by mules of approved sweetness of temper. To protect the stampeders from the snakes and bull-frogs that abound along the line of the canal, Gen. Winder has detailed a regiment of ladies to march in advance of the mules and clear the tow-path of the pirates. The regiment is armed with pop-guns of the longest range. The ladies will accompany the stampeders to a secluded cave in the mountains of Hepsidam, and leave them there in charge of the children of the vicinage, until McClellan thinks proper to lot them come forth. The ladies return to the defence of their country.
The National steamer Yankee ascended the Rappahannock River this day to Fredericksburgh, Va., having passed the obstructions placed in the river seven miles below the town in safety.The Potomac flotilla captured seven rebel schooners one with a valuable cargo of dry goods, medicines, and saltpetreand also two small steamers. Baltimore American, April 23.
This afternoon the National gunboat Anacostia, on her way down the Potomac River, when near Lowrys Point was fired into by a party of rebel infantry, who were dispersed by a couple of shells from the gunboat N. Y. Tribune, April 26.
Col. Donnelly, of Gen. Bankss forces, made a reconnoissance this day toward Harrisonburgh, Va. When approaching he was fired on by the rebel cavalry scouts. Two companies of the Ohio cavalry were deployed on the left, toward Gordonsville turnpike, the same number of the Vermont cavalry on the right, and the Michigan cavalry on the centre; Hamptons battery and the Connecticut Fifth formed the reserve.
The rebel cavalry, after the first fire, retreated to the town, where they joined their command, and when escaping by the Gordonsville route, were passed by the Ohio cavalry. Seven men and eleven horses were captured the rest escaped. The town was then entered and occupied by Col. Donnelly and the cavalry. Jacksons Winchester hostages, whom he released near Shenandoah, on their parole of honor, were found in the town. Two had died of fatigue and want of attention.N. Y. Commercial, April 24.
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April 23 1862
A party of National infantry despatched from Romney, Va., to look after guerrillas, was attacked by a squad of rebels, on Grass Lick, near Wash River. The National troops lost three killed, but drove the rebels, who took refuge in the house of a confederate. A reenforcement of cavalry was then sent out, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Downey, but the rebels fled at his approach, carrying off several dead and wounded. Col. Downey burned the house, and in pursuit captured five prisoners.(Doc. 145.)
The resolution adopted by the Maryland Legislature, signed by Governor Bradford, appropriating seven thousand dollars for the relief of the families of the killed and disabled men of the Massachusetts Sixth regiment by the secession mob in Baltimore, on the nineteenth of April, 1861, was read this afternoon in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and referred to the Committee on Federal Relations. The resolution caused a marked sensation, and its reading was followed by hearty applause.Boston Post, April 24.
A party of National infantry despatched from Romney, Va., to look after guerrillas, was attacked by a squad of rebels, on Grass Lick, near Wash River. The National troops lost three killed, but drove the rebels, who took refuge in the house of a confederate. A reenforcement of cavalry was then sent out, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Downey, but the rebels fled at his approach, carrying off several dead and wounded. Col. Downey burned the house, and in pursuit captured five prisoners.(Doc. 145.)
The resolution adopted by the Maryland Legislature, signed by Governor Bradford, appropriating seven thousand dollars for the relief of the families of the killed and disabled men of the Massachusetts Sixth regiment by the secession mob in Baltimore, on the nineteenth of April, 1861, was read this afternoon in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and referred to the Committee on Federal Relations. The resolution caused a marked sensation, and its reading was followed by hearty applause.Boston Post, April 24.
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April 24 1862
Yorktown, Va., was shelled by one of the United States gunboats. She moved up to the mouth of Wormleys Creek during the morning, opening a well-directed fire on the rebel works, which was promptly answered. The boat then fell back a distance of three miles from Yorktown, when she again opened fire, the shells exploding each time within the enemys works, but obtaining no response. A few shots were fired during the day along the whole line, to keep the rebels from strengthening their works. No one was injured.
The United States Government steamer Eunice was run into last night by the Commodore Perry, off Ashland, Ky., and sunk. No lives were lost.New- York Tribune, April 26.
A reconnoitring party, under General A. J. Smith, left Pittsburgh this morning and attacked the rebel pickets, one hundred and fifty strong, who fled in great haste, leaving knapsacks, blankets, and everything else. The party proceeded on foot to Pea Ridge, and there found three or four thousand drawn up in line of battle, who, at the first fire of artillery, also decamped, leaving tents, equipage, private baggage, half-written letters, and other things, indicating a great surprise. Enough tents were left to accommodate a division. Everything was burned. The Nationals captured twelve prisoners, none of whom expressed regret at being taken.Chicago Tribune.
The United States Senate passed the bill for the appointment of diplomatic representatives to Hayti and Liberia.
Col,. Crocker and Major Cassidy, belonging to the Ninety-third regiment of New-York volunteers, were this morning taken prisoners by the rebels near Yorktown, Va.Phila. Inquirer.
Gen. Bankss advance-guard, Col. Donnelly commanding, took three prisoners to-day, at a point nine miles beyond Harrisonburgh,Va. One of them says he belongs to company B of the Tenth Virginia regiment of infantry. This regiment had been on the Rappahannock, according to previous information.Gen. Bankss Despatch.
A body of National cavalry from Forsyth, Mo., destroyed the rebel saltpetre manufactory near Yellville, Ark., this day. Lieut. Heacock. of the Fourth regiment of Iowa cavalry, was killed and one private wounded, in the fight with the rebels. (Doc. 146.)
The Dismal Swamp Canal, N. C, was destroyed by the naval forces under Commander Rowan.(Doc. 147.)
The National fleet, under the command of Flag-Officer Farragut, after bombarding Forts Jackson and St Philip, on the Mississippi River, passed by the forts to reduce New-Orleans. Gen. Butlers Report.
Yorktown, Va., was shelled by one of the United States gunboats. She moved up to the mouth of Wormleys Creek during the morning, opening a well-directed fire on the rebel works, which was promptly answered. The boat then fell back a distance of three miles from Yorktown, when she again opened fire, the shells exploding each time within the enemys works, but obtaining no response. A few shots were fired during the day along the whole line, to keep the rebels from strengthening their works. No one was injured.
The United States Government steamer Eunice was run into last night by the Commodore Perry, off Ashland, Ky., and sunk. No lives were lost.New- York Tribune, April 26.
A reconnoitring party, under General A. J. Smith, left Pittsburgh this morning and attacked the rebel pickets, one hundred and fifty strong, who fled in great haste, leaving knapsacks, blankets, and everything else. The party proceeded on foot to Pea Ridge, and there found three or four thousand drawn up in line of battle, who, at the first fire of artillery, also decamped, leaving tents, equipage, private baggage, half-written letters, and other things, indicating a great surprise. Enough tents were left to accommodate a division. Everything was burned. The Nationals captured twelve prisoners, none of whom expressed regret at being taken.Chicago Tribune.
The United States Senate passed the bill for the appointment of diplomatic representatives to Hayti and Liberia.
Col,. Crocker and Major Cassidy, belonging to the Ninety-third regiment of New-York volunteers, were this morning taken prisoners by the rebels near Yorktown, Va.Phila. Inquirer.
Gen. Bankss advance-guard, Col. Donnelly commanding, took three prisoners to-day, at a point nine miles beyond Harrisonburgh,Va. One of them says he belongs to company B of the Tenth Virginia regiment of infantry. This regiment had been on the Rappahannock, according to previous information.Gen. Bankss Despatch.
A body of National cavalry from Forsyth, Mo., destroyed the rebel saltpetre manufactory near Yellville, Ark., this day. Lieut. Heacock. of the Fourth regiment of Iowa cavalry, was killed and one private wounded, in the fight with the rebels. (Doc. 146.)
The Dismal Swamp Canal, N. C, was destroyed by the naval forces under Commander Rowan.(Doc. 147.)
The National fleet, under the command of Flag-Officer Farragut, after bombarding Forts Jackson and St Philip, on the Mississippi River, passed by the forts to reduce New-Orleans. Gen. Butlers Report.
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April 25 1862
The bombardment of Fort Macon, N. C, by the combined forces of Gen. Burnside and Com. Goldsborough, terminated in the reduction and capture of the garrison.(Doc. 135.)
The Forts on Lake Ponchartrain, La., were this day evacuated by the rebel forces, and all their gunboats on the lake were burnt or otherwise destroyed.Richmond Despatch, April 29.
New-Orleans, La., surrendered to the naval forces of the United States, under the command of Flag-Officer D. G. Farragut.(Doc. 149.)
Major-Gen. C. F. Smith died at Savannah, Tenn., at four oclock this afternoon, of dysentery. He was taken sick shortly after the occupation of Savannah by the forces under him.
Major Von Steinhaus, Capt Botticher, and Capt Camp, of the Sixty-eighth regiment of New York volunteers; Lieut. Lombard, Battalion Adjutant Eighth Illinois cavalry, and Assist. Surg. Williams, First New-York artillery, were, by the order of President Lincoln, struck from the roll of the army, for being captured while straggling, without authority, beyond the National lines.
Com. Paulding published a letter giving an account of the destruction of the Norfolk Navy Yard, in April, 1861. (Doc. 148.)
Henry Kuhl, Hamilton W. Windon, and Conrad Kuhl, having been tried by court-martial, in Western Virginia, and found guilty of murdering a Union soldier, the two first named were sentenced to be hung, and the third to wear a ball and chain, and perform hard labor during the war. Major-Gen. Fremont, in an order issued this day, confirmed the findings and sentence of the court. The hanging is to take place at Suttonville, on the ninth of May, and the ball and chain individual is ordered to Camp Chase, to satisfy the violated law in that locality. Cincinnati Gazette, April 29.
The bombardment of Fort Macon, N. C, by the combined forces of Gen. Burnside and Com. Goldsborough, terminated in the reduction and capture of the garrison.(Doc. 135.)
The Forts on Lake Ponchartrain, La., were this day evacuated by the rebel forces, and all their gunboats on the lake were burnt or otherwise destroyed.Richmond Despatch, April 29.
New-Orleans, La., surrendered to the naval forces of the United States, under the command of Flag-Officer D. G. Farragut.(Doc. 149.)
Major-Gen. C. F. Smith died at Savannah, Tenn., at four oclock this afternoon, of dysentery. He was taken sick shortly after the occupation of Savannah by the forces under him.
Major Von Steinhaus, Capt Botticher, and Capt Camp, of the Sixty-eighth regiment of New York volunteers; Lieut. Lombard, Battalion Adjutant Eighth Illinois cavalry, and Assist. Surg. Williams, First New-York artillery, were, by the order of President Lincoln, struck from the roll of the army, for being captured while straggling, without authority, beyond the National lines.
Com. Paulding published a letter giving an account of the destruction of the Norfolk Navy Yard, in April, 1861. (Doc. 148.)
Henry Kuhl, Hamilton W. Windon, and Conrad Kuhl, having been tried by court-martial, in Western Virginia, and found guilty of murdering a Union soldier, the two first named were sentenced to be hung, and the third to wear a ball and chain, and perform hard labor during the war. Major-Gen. Fremont, in an order issued this day, confirmed the findings and sentence of the court. The hanging is to take place at Suttonville, on the ninth of May, and the ball and chain individual is ordered to Camp Chase, to satisfy the violated law in that locality. Cincinnati Gazette, April 29.
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April 24-25 1862
The Battle of New Orleans
In the spring of 1862, the Union looked toward New Orleans, the largest city in the Confederacy. Military actions in other regions had left the city lightly defended. Its greatest protection from Union invasion came from Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip, which guarded the water approach seventy-five miles downriver. Both forts were heavily fortified and armed with large cannons; a barricade of sunken ships in the river itself forced approaching craft to stop directly in front of their line of fire. Such a defense seemed insurmountable, and Confederate leaders were confident the two forts could hold off any naval assault the Union might attempt.
But Union military leaders thought otherwise. Naval commander David Porter believed a strong mortar attack from boats on the river could disable the forts' firepower and allow a fleet to pass all the way to New Orleans, and such an attack was readied in early 1862.
To facilitate the invasion, Union general Benjamin Butler captured Ship Island, near the mouth of the Mississippi. The Union's ships were renovated to make them lighter so that they could pass over the river's many sandbars, and the fleet began its long trip up the Mississippi in April, supported by Butler's 15,000 troops for a possible land invasion.
Attacking the Forts
On April 18, Porter began a six-day mortar attack. His nineteen mortar ships lobbed more than 3,000 shells at the forts each day, but they did little damage to the forts' defenses. The bombardment did act as a distraction, and on the night of April 20, two Union gunboats approached the river barricade and cleared a small path for the rest of the fleet.
Squadron captain David Farragut ordered his fleet to proceed, hopeful that enough ships would survive to invade the city of New Orleans. The fleet began the treacherous run under cover of darkness early on the morning of April 24 and was quickly met with cannon fire, which they returned. Confederate officers tried to halt the invasion by sending out a small fleet of wooden ships to ram the approaching Union vessels. Several rafts that had been set on fire were deployed in an attempt to slow the advance.
Farragut's flagship was damaged during the attack, but its crew quickly brought it back into the fray as the Union fleet sank or disabled most of the Confederate ships. All but four of Farragut's fleet made it safely past the supposedly impassable Confederate forts.
Farragut sailed into New Orleans on April 25 and captured the city with little resistance, though the mayor of the city refused to officially surrender. The soldiers manning Forts Jackson and St. Philip laid down their guns on April 28, and Butler and his troops arrived the next day.
The bold attack on New Orleans placed the city and its port under Union command, a striking defeat for the Confederacy. By taking New Orleans, located 100 miles above the mouth of the Mississippi River, the Union effectively controlled the very gateway to the Deep South.
The Battle of New Orleans
In the spring of 1862, the Union looked toward New Orleans, the largest city in the Confederacy. Military actions in other regions had left the city lightly defended. Its greatest protection from Union invasion came from Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip, which guarded the water approach seventy-five miles downriver. Both forts were heavily fortified and armed with large cannons; a barricade of sunken ships in the river itself forced approaching craft to stop directly in front of their line of fire. Such a defense seemed insurmountable, and Confederate leaders were confident the two forts could hold off any naval assault the Union might attempt.
But Union military leaders thought otherwise. Naval commander David Porter believed a strong mortar attack from boats on the river could disable the forts' firepower and allow a fleet to pass all the way to New Orleans, and such an attack was readied in early 1862.
To facilitate the invasion, Union general Benjamin Butler captured Ship Island, near the mouth of the Mississippi. The Union's ships were renovated to make them lighter so that they could pass over the river's many sandbars, and the fleet began its long trip up the Mississippi in April, supported by Butler's 15,000 troops for a possible land invasion.
Attacking the Forts
On April 18, Porter began a six-day mortar attack. His nineteen mortar ships lobbed more than 3,000 shells at the forts each day, but they did little damage to the forts' defenses. The bombardment did act as a distraction, and on the night of April 20, two Union gunboats approached the river barricade and cleared a small path for the rest of the fleet.
Squadron captain David Farragut ordered his fleet to proceed, hopeful that enough ships would survive to invade the city of New Orleans. The fleet began the treacherous run under cover of darkness early on the morning of April 24 and was quickly met with cannon fire, which they returned. Confederate officers tried to halt the invasion by sending out a small fleet of wooden ships to ram the approaching Union vessels. Several rafts that had been set on fire were deployed in an attempt to slow the advance.
Farragut's flagship was damaged during the attack, but its crew quickly brought it back into the fray as the Union fleet sank or disabled most of the Confederate ships. All but four of Farragut's fleet made it safely past the supposedly impassable Confederate forts.
Farragut sailed into New Orleans on April 25 and captured the city with little resistance, though the mayor of the city refused to officially surrender. The soldiers manning Forts Jackson and St. Philip laid down their guns on April 28, and Butler and his troops arrived the next day.
The bold attack on New Orleans placed the city and its port under Union command, a striking defeat for the Confederacy. By taking New Orleans, located 100 miles above the mouth of the Mississippi River, the Union effectively controlled the very gateway to the Deep South.
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April 26 1862
The United States steamer Flambeau, under the command of Lieut. Commanding Upshur, captured the schooner Arctic, under English colors, about seven miles below Stono, S. CN. Y. Tribune, May 6.
This afternoon, the pickets of colonel Donnellys brigade, stationed eight miles from Harrisonburgh, Va., on the Gordonsville road, were attacked by a large force of Ashbys rear-guard, and driven back. One man, named Isaac Zelly, of the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania regiment, was killed, and three others wounded. The reserve of the Forty-sixth, and a section of Hamptons battery then advanced and repulsed the rebels. They retreated to a wood, where several of the Union shells burst in their very midst, and a wagon was seen gathering up and carrying off their dead and wounded. New York Times, April 29.
The rebel General, Albert Pike, issued a proclamation complimenting the Indian allies for their bravery at the battle at Pea Ridge, Ark. N. Y. Tribune, May 2.
President Lincoln, at Washington, visited the French frigate Gassendi to-dayit being the first time a President of the United States ever went aboard a foreign man-of-war. He was received with the honors paid to crowned heads, the same as usually shown the Emperor. The yards were manned by the crew, who shouted; Vive le President
The Secretary of State and Captain Dahlgren accompanied the President. The French Minister was on board to receive the party.National Intelligencer, April 28.
Gen. McClellan sent the following to the War Department, at Washington:
Early this morning an advanced lunette of the rebels, on this side of the Warwick, near its head, was carried by company H, First Massachusetts regiment. The work had a ditch six feet deep, with a strong parapet, and was manned by two companies of infantry, no artillery. Our men moved over open, soft ground, some six hundred yards, received the fire of the rebels at fifty yards, did not return it, but rushed over the ditch and parapet in the most gallant manner. The rebels broke and ran as soon as they saw that our men intended to cross the parapet. Our loss was three killed, and one mortally, and twelve otherwise wounded. We took fourteen prisoners, destroyed the work sufficiently to render it useless, and retired. The operation was conducted by Gen. C. Grover, who managed the affair most handsomely. Nothing could have been better than the conduct of all the men under fire. The supports, who were also under artillery fire of other works, were companies of the First and Eleventh Massachusetts. In spite of the rain our work progresses well.
The following is the list of killed and wounded, all belonging to company H, First Massachusetts regiment. Killed: George P. Noyes, Wm. D. Smith, and Walter B. Andrews. Wounded: Allen A. Kingsbury, company H, mortally; George L. Stoddart George H. Campbell, Wm. H. Montague, Thos. Crittick, Horace A. Sommers, Geo. H. Stone, Wm. H. Lane, O. C. Cooper, Wm. T. Wright, James W. Spooner, William P. Hallowe, Thomas Archer.(Doc. 150.)
The schooner Belle was captured about thirty miles off Charleston, S. C, by the U. S. steamer Uncas.The schooner Mersey was captured off the coast of Georgia by the U. S. steamer Santiago de Cuba.N. Y. Tribune, May 6.
A Battle was fought at Neosho, Mo., between one hundred and forty-six men of the First regiment of Missouri cavalry, under the command of Major Hubbard, and six hundred Indians, commanded by Cols. Coffee and Stainwright, resulting in the defeat of the latter party. Major Hubbard killed and wounded thirty of the savages, besides capturing sixty-two prisoners, seventy horses, and a large quantity of arms.(Doc. 151.)
The United States steamer Flambeau, under the command of Lieut. Commanding Upshur, captured the schooner Arctic, under English colors, about seven miles below Stono, S. CN. Y. Tribune, May 6.
This afternoon, the pickets of colonel Donnellys brigade, stationed eight miles from Harrisonburgh, Va., on the Gordonsville road, were attacked by a large force of Ashbys rear-guard, and driven back. One man, named Isaac Zelly, of the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania regiment, was killed, and three others wounded. The reserve of the Forty-sixth, and a section of Hamptons battery then advanced and repulsed the rebels. They retreated to a wood, where several of the Union shells burst in their very midst, and a wagon was seen gathering up and carrying off their dead and wounded. New York Times, April 29.
The rebel General, Albert Pike, issued a proclamation complimenting the Indian allies for their bravery at the battle at Pea Ridge, Ark. N. Y. Tribune, May 2.
President Lincoln, at Washington, visited the French frigate Gassendi to-dayit being the first time a President of the United States ever went aboard a foreign man-of-war. He was received with the honors paid to crowned heads, the same as usually shown the Emperor. The yards were manned by the crew, who shouted; Vive le President
The Secretary of State and Captain Dahlgren accompanied the President. The French Minister was on board to receive the party.National Intelligencer, April 28.
Gen. McClellan sent the following to the War Department, at Washington:
Early this morning an advanced lunette of the rebels, on this side of the Warwick, near its head, was carried by company H, First Massachusetts regiment. The work had a ditch six feet deep, with a strong parapet, and was manned by two companies of infantry, no artillery. Our men moved over open, soft ground, some six hundred yards, received the fire of the rebels at fifty yards, did not return it, but rushed over the ditch and parapet in the most gallant manner. The rebels broke and ran as soon as they saw that our men intended to cross the parapet. Our loss was three killed, and one mortally, and twelve otherwise wounded. We took fourteen prisoners, destroyed the work sufficiently to render it useless, and retired. The operation was conducted by Gen. C. Grover, who managed the affair most handsomely. Nothing could have been better than the conduct of all the men under fire. The supports, who were also under artillery fire of other works, were companies of the First and Eleventh Massachusetts. In spite of the rain our work progresses well.
The following is the list of killed and wounded, all belonging to company H, First Massachusetts regiment. Killed: George P. Noyes, Wm. D. Smith, and Walter B. Andrews. Wounded: Allen A. Kingsbury, company H, mortally; George L. Stoddart George H. Campbell, Wm. H. Montague, Thos. Crittick, Horace A. Sommers, Geo. H. Stone, Wm. H. Lane, O. C. Cooper, Wm. T. Wright, James W. Spooner, William P. Hallowe, Thomas Archer.(Doc. 150.)
The schooner Belle was captured about thirty miles off Charleston, S. C, by the U. S. steamer Uncas.The schooner Mersey was captured off the coast of Georgia by the U. S. steamer Santiago de Cuba.N. Y. Tribune, May 6.
A Battle was fought at Neosho, Mo., between one hundred and forty-six men of the First regiment of Missouri cavalry, under the command of Major Hubbard, and six hundred Indians, commanded by Cols. Coffee and Stainwright, resulting in the defeat of the latter party. Major Hubbard killed and wounded thirty of the savages, besides capturing sixty-two prisoners, seventy horses, and a large quantity of arms.(Doc. 151.)
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April 27 1862
The people of Franklin County, Mo., met and passed resolutions in support of the Emancipation Message of President Lincoln, and sustaining the measures of the National Government adopted for the prosecution of the war.(Doc. 152.)
Mansfield Lovell, General late in command of the rebel forces at New-Orleans, La., telegraphed to Richmond as follows from Camp Moore, La.: Forts Jackson and St Philip are still in good condition, and in our hands. The steamers Louisiana and McRae are safe. The enemys fleet are at the city, (New-Orleans), but they have not forces enough to occupy it. The inhabitants are stanchly loyal.
Fort Livingston, La., was this day evacuated by the rebel forces.National Intelligencer, May 10.
Gen. Beauregard, at Memphis, Tennessee, issued the following address to the planters of the South:The casualties of war have opened the Mississippi to our enemies. The time has therefore come to test the earnestness of all classes, and I call upon all patriotic planters owning cotton in the possible reach of our enemies to apply the torch to it without delay or hesitation.Missouri Democrat.
Purdy, Tennessee, was evacuated by the confederates.Memphis Argus, April 29.
The people of Franklin County, Mo., met and passed resolutions in support of the Emancipation Message of President Lincoln, and sustaining the measures of the National Government adopted for the prosecution of the war.(Doc. 152.)
Mansfield Lovell, General late in command of the rebel forces at New-Orleans, La., telegraphed to Richmond as follows from Camp Moore, La.: Forts Jackson and St Philip are still in good condition, and in our hands. The steamers Louisiana and McRae are safe. The enemys fleet are at the city, (New-Orleans), but they have not forces enough to occupy it. The inhabitants are stanchly loyal.
Fort Livingston, La., was this day evacuated by the rebel forces.National Intelligencer, May 10.
Gen. Beauregard, at Memphis, Tennessee, issued the following address to the planters of the South:The casualties of war have opened the Mississippi to our enemies. The time has therefore come to test the earnestness of all classes, and I call upon all patriotic planters owning cotton in the possible reach of our enemies to apply the torch to it without delay or hesitation.Missouri Democrat.
Purdy, Tennessee, was evacuated by the confederates.Memphis Argus, April 29.
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April 28 1862
To-day a detachment of the First New-Jersey cavalry carried into Washington, D. C, ten prisoners captured at a courier station, six miles beyond the Rappahannock River, Va. They were surprised in their beds. The information which led to their capture was volunteered by a loyal black, who guided the Jerseymen through the rebel picket line. The prisoners declared that they were of the party who killed Lieut. Decker, near Falmouth. They were intelligent men of a company formed in John Brown times, to which none but gentlemen were elected.N. Y. Tribune, April 29.
The United States war steamer Sacramento was launched at the Portsmouth, (N. H.) Navy Yard to-day. She is the finest and largest war vessel ever built at Portsmouth.Boston Transcript, April 29.
Five companies of National cavalry had a skirmish with the enemys cavalry two miles in advance of Monterey, Tenn.[1] The rebels retreated. Five of them were killedone a major. Eighteen prisoners, with horses and arms, were captured. One of the prisoners, named Vaughan, was formerly foreman in the office of the Louisville Democrat. The Unionists had one man wounded and none killed. The prisoners say that the enemy has upward of eighty thousand men at Corinth, and will fight and that they are intrenching and mounting large guns.Official War Despatch.
Near Yorktown, Va., Gen. Hancock went out with a portion of his brigade for the purpose of driving the rebels from a piece of timber which they occupied in close proximity to the National works. The troops advanced through an open fire on their hands and knees until they came within close musket-range. The rebels, who were secreted behind stumps and trees, were anxious to get the men on their feet, and to accomplish this the captain in command of the enemy shouted at the height of his voice to charge bayonets, supposing that the Union troops would instantly jump to their feet and run. But they were mistaken. The command being given the second time, the rebels arose, when the Union troops poured into them a well-directed fire, causing them to retreat, leaving their dead and wounded.
During the skirmish a new battery which the rebels had erected during Sunday night, and which interfered with the working party of the Nationals, was most effectually silenced and the guns dismantled.
The Santa Fe, New-Mexico mail, arrived at Kansas City, Mo., with dates to the twelfth inst. Col. Slough and Gen. Canby formed a junction at Galisteo on the eleventh. Major Duncan, who was in command of Gen. Canbys advance-guard, encountered a large party of Texans and routed them. Major Duncan was slightly wounded. The Texans were thirty miles south of Galisteo, in full flight from the territory.Official Despatch.
The rebel steamer Ella Warley (Isabel) arrived at Port Royal, S. C, in charge of Lieut. Gibson and a prize crew, she having been captured by the Santiago de Cuba, one hundred miles north of Abaco.
Forts Jackson and St Philip on the Mississippi River, below New-Orleans, surrendered to the National fleet under Flag-Officer Farragut. (Doc. 149.)
[1] Monterey is a small post-village of McNairy County, situated near the boundary line of Mississippi but a short distance from Corinth. The county has an area estimated at five hundred and seventy square miles, and occupies part of the table-land I between the Tennessee and Hatchie Rivers.
To-day a detachment of the First New-Jersey cavalry carried into Washington, D. C, ten prisoners captured at a courier station, six miles beyond the Rappahannock River, Va. They were surprised in their beds. The information which led to their capture was volunteered by a loyal black, who guided the Jerseymen through the rebel picket line. The prisoners declared that they were of the party who killed Lieut. Decker, near Falmouth. They were intelligent men of a company formed in John Brown times, to which none but gentlemen were elected.N. Y. Tribune, April 29.
The United States war steamer Sacramento was launched at the Portsmouth, (N. H.) Navy Yard to-day. She is the finest and largest war vessel ever built at Portsmouth.Boston Transcript, April 29.
Five companies of National cavalry had a skirmish with the enemys cavalry two miles in advance of Monterey, Tenn.[1] The rebels retreated. Five of them were killedone a major. Eighteen prisoners, with horses and arms, were captured. One of the prisoners, named Vaughan, was formerly foreman in the office of the Louisville Democrat. The Unionists had one man wounded and none killed. The prisoners say that the enemy has upward of eighty thousand men at Corinth, and will fight and that they are intrenching and mounting large guns.Official War Despatch.
Near Yorktown, Va., Gen. Hancock went out with a portion of his brigade for the purpose of driving the rebels from a piece of timber which they occupied in close proximity to the National works. The troops advanced through an open fire on their hands and knees until they came within close musket-range. The rebels, who were secreted behind stumps and trees, were anxious to get the men on their feet, and to accomplish this the captain in command of the enemy shouted at the height of his voice to charge bayonets, supposing that the Union troops would instantly jump to their feet and run. But they were mistaken. The command being given the second time, the rebels arose, when the Union troops poured into them a well-directed fire, causing them to retreat, leaving their dead and wounded.
During the skirmish a new battery which the rebels had erected during Sunday night, and which interfered with the working party of the Nationals, was most effectually silenced and the guns dismantled.
The Santa Fe, New-Mexico mail, arrived at Kansas City, Mo., with dates to the twelfth inst. Col. Slough and Gen. Canby formed a junction at Galisteo on the eleventh. Major Duncan, who was in command of Gen. Canbys advance-guard, encountered a large party of Texans and routed them. Major Duncan was slightly wounded. The Texans were thirty miles south of Galisteo, in full flight from the territory.Official Despatch.
The rebel steamer Ella Warley (Isabel) arrived at Port Royal, S. C, in charge of Lieut. Gibson and a prize crew, she having been captured by the Santiago de Cuba, one hundred miles north of Abaco.
Forts Jackson and St Philip on the Mississippi River, below New-Orleans, surrendered to the National fleet under Flag-Officer Farragut. (Doc. 149.)
[1] Monterey is a small post-village of McNairy County, situated near the boundary line of Mississippi but a short distance from Corinth. The county has an area estimated at five hundred and seventy square miles, and occupies part of the table-land I between the Tennessee and Hatchie Rivers.
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April 29 1862
At Harrisonburgh, Va., to-day, a National salute was fired from an eminence near the town by the troops under General Banks, in honor of recent Union victories. The regimental bands assembled in the Court-House square and played Hail Columbia. The soldiers gave nine cheers, when the band followed with the Red, White, and Blue, Dixie, and the Star-Spangled Banner. After a recess the bands consolidated and marched through the streets, much to the disgust of certain prominent inhabitants. The day was pleasant, and the bright new uniforms presented a striking contrast to the sombre hues of those of the former occupants of the town.Boston Transcript, May 1.
Monterey, Tenn., was visited by the National forces under Gen. Pope. The rebels fled on the appearance of the Union forces before the town, leaving a quantity of baggage and supplies. Fifteen prisoners were taken by the Nationals, who returned to their camp near Pittsburgh, Tenn., having destroyed the rebel camp.Secy T. A. Scotts Despatch.
Timothy Webster was executed as a spy at Richmond, Va. Webster is said to be the first spy executed by the rebel governmentRichmond Despatch, April 30.
President Lincoln sent a Message to the Senate to-day in answer to a resolution of inquiry as to who authorized the arrest of Gen. Charles P. Stone, the ground upon which he was arrested, and the reasons why he had not been tried by court-martial. The President said the arrest was made by his order, upon good and sufficient evidence; and that the only reason why he had not had a trial was because the public interests would not permit it. The officers required to hold the court, and who would be called as witnesses, perhaps on both sides, were in the field, in the midst of active operations. The President stated, in conclusion, that it was his purpose to give the General a fair trial as soon as it could be done in justice to the service.
Col. Davidson, of the Third Mississippi regiment, who was captured at Fort Donclson, died at Fort Warren this day.Boston Post, May 3.
An expedition with the gunboat Hale was made this day, to capture a battery on Grim balls plantation, near the junction of Dawho-pow-pow and South-Edisto River, S. C. The rebels opened on the Hale when within one thousand eight hundred yards, and continued their fire as she wound her way to engage them at close quarters; but when the Hale reached the last bend, and was making a straight course for the battery, the rebels fled in haste. Lieut. Gillis landed with a party of men to destroy it. The work was about three hundred and fifty yards from the river-bank, and mounted two long fine twenty-four-pounders on excellent field-carriages. So rapid was the flight of the rebels that one of the guns was left loaded and primed. The Hale returned to her anchorage without having a man injured.Report of Com. Du Pont.
A battle took place this day at Bridgeport, Ala., between the National forces under Gen. O. M. Mitchel and the confederates under Gen. E. Kirby Smith, in which the latter was defeated with a loss of seventy-two killed and wounded and three hundred and fifty taken prisoners. (Doc. 154.)
The Montgomery (Ala) Advertiser of this date contains the following on the cotton question: We have understood that an agent of the French government is in this city, authorized to purchase an indefinite amount of cotton.
The designs are evidently these. The agent is to purchase a large supply of cotton, and then in case of a threatened Yankee occupation of the city, he would hoist the French flag over it to prevent it from being destroyed by our authorities and the citizens. With Montgomery and the Alabama River in the hands of the Yankees, and the cotton in the hands of the French agent, it could be at once shipped to Europe, and the necessities of the manufacturers there relieved; the Yankees would not, of course, object to such a cute scheme, seeing at once, that with a supply of cotton sufficient to meet their requirements, England and France would lose all their interest in the American question, and Lincoln would no longer be troubled with fears of a foreign intervention.
It is doubtless a very nice arrangement on the part of those who wish to relieve themselves from a very disagreeable dilemma, but we can assure the French agent and all others that the scheme wont work. The question concerning the protection of foreign flags has already been decided. The President having authorized Gen. Lovell, at New-Orleans, to destroy all cotton and tobacco belonging to citizens or foreign residents, indiscriminately, where it was in danger of falling into the hands of the enemy. The same course will be pursued here, and the French flag or any other, will not save the cotton from destruction in case the enemy threatens to land at this point.
At Harrisonburgh, Va., to-day, a National salute was fired from an eminence near the town by the troops under General Banks, in honor of recent Union victories. The regimental bands assembled in the Court-House square and played Hail Columbia. The soldiers gave nine cheers, when the band followed with the Red, White, and Blue, Dixie, and the Star-Spangled Banner. After a recess the bands consolidated and marched through the streets, much to the disgust of certain prominent inhabitants. The day was pleasant, and the bright new uniforms presented a striking contrast to the sombre hues of those of the former occupants of the town.Boston Transcript, May 1.
Monterey, Tenn., was visited by the National forces under Gen. Pope. The rebels fled on the appearance of the Union forces before the town, leaving a quantity of baggage and supplies. Fifteen prisoners were taken by the Nationals, who returned to their camp near Pittsburgh, Tenn., having destroyed the rebel camp.Secy T. A. Scotts Despatch.
Timothy Webster was executed as a spy at Richmond, Va. Webster is said to be the first spy executed by the rebel governmentRichmond Despatch, April 30.
President Lincoln sent a Message to the Senate to-day in answer to a resolution of inquiry as to who authorized the arrest of Gen. Charles P. Stone, the ground upon which he was arrested, and the reasons why he had not been tried by court-martial. The President said the arrest was made by his order, upon good and sufficient evidence; and that the only reason why he had not had a trial was because the public interests would not permit it. The officers required to hold the court, and who would be called as witnesses, perhaps on both sides, were in the field, in the midst of active operations. The President stated, in conclusion, that it was his purpose to give the General a fair trial as soon as it could be done in justice to the service.
Col. Davidson, of the Third Mississippi regiment, who was captured at Fort Donclson, died at Fort Warren this day.Boston Post, May 3.
An expedition with the gunboat Hale was made this day, to capture a battery on Grim balls plantation, near the junction of Dawho-pow-pow and South-Edisto River, S. C. The rebels opened on the Hale when within one thousand eight hundred yards, and continued their fire as she wound her way to engage them at close quarters; but when the Hale reached the last bend, and was making a straight course for the battery, the rebels fled in haste. Lieut. Gillis landed with a party of men to destroy it. The work was about three hundred and fifty yards from the river-bank, and mounted two long fine twenty-four-pounders on excellent field-carriages. So rapid was the flight of the rebels that one of the guns was left loaded and primed. The Hale returned to her anchorage without having a man injured.Report of Com. Du Pont.
A battle took place this day at Bridgeport, Ala., between the National forces under Gen. O. M. Mitchel and the confederates under Gen. E. Kirby Smith, in which the latter was defeated with a loss of seventy-two killed and wounded and three hundred and fifty taken prisoners. (Doc. 154.)
The Montgomery (Ala) Advertiser of this date contains the following on the cotton question: We have understood that an agent of the French government is in this city, authorized to purchase an indefinite amount of cotton.
The designs are evidently these. The agent is to purchase a large supply of cotton, and then in case of a threatened Yankee occupation of the city, he would hoist the French flag over it to prevent it from being destroyed by our authorities and the citizens. With Montgomery and the Alabama River in the hands of the Yankees, and the cotton in the hands of the French agent, it could be at once shipped to Europe, and the necessities of the manufacturers there relieved; the Yankees would not, of course, object to such a cute scheme, seeing at once, that with a supply of cotton sufficient to meet their requirements, England and France would lose all their interest in the American question, and Lincoln would no longer be troubled with fears of a foreign intervention.
It is doubtless a very nice arrangement on the part of those who wish to relieve themselves from a very disagreeable dilemma, but we can assure the French agent and all others that the scheme wont work. The question concerning the protection of foreign flags has already been decided. The President having authorized Gen. Lovell, at New-Orleans, to destroy all cotton and tobacco belonging to citizens or foreign residents, indiscriminately, where it was in danger of falling into the hands of the enemy. The same course will be pursued here, and the French flag or any other, will not save the cotton from destruction in case the enemy threatens to land at this point.
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April 30 1862
The schooner Maria was captured near Charleston, S. C., by the U. S. steamer Santiago de Cuba.N. Y. Tribune, May 6.
A Reconnoissance in force was made this morning from the right wing of the National army, near Pittsburgh, Tenn., four miles north of Purdy, on the Memphis and Ohio Railroad. The National troops met a force of rebel cavalry, who fled, and were pursued to Purdy. On taking possession of the town, the Union troops burned two bridges and threw a locomotive into the river. Three prisoners were taken, and the Unionists retired, having cut off all railroad communication between Corinth and the North.Baltimore American, May 2.
A. G. Curtin, Governor of Pennsylvania, has issued a general order in acknowledgment of the gallantry of the Seventy-seventh regiment of infantry, Pennsylvania volunteers, Col. F. S. Stambaugh commanding, at Shiloh, Tennessee, and of the First regiment of cavalry, Pennsylvania volunteers, Col. George D. Bayard commanding, at Falmouth, Virginia. He orders that Shiloh, April 7th, 1862, be inscribed on the flag of the Seventy-seventh regiment of infantry, and that Falmouth, April 18th, 1862, be inscribed on the flag of the First regiment of cavalry, and that this order be read at the head of all the regiments of Pennsylvania volunteers.
In the United States House of Representatives, the following resolution was passed by a vote of seventy-five yeas against forty-five nays:
Resolved, That Simon Cameron, late Secretary of War, by investing Alexander Cummings with the control of large sums of the public money, and authority to purchase military supplies without restriction, without requiring from him any guarantee for the faithful performance of his duties, when the services of competent public officers were available, and by involving the Government in a vast number of contracts with persons not legitimately engaged in the business pertaining to the subject matter of such contracts especially in the purchase of arms for future deliveryhas adopted a policy highly injurious to the public service, and deserving the censure of this House.
The report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, in reference to the treatment by the rebels at Manassas of the remains of officers and soldiers of the United States killed in battle there, was made public.(Doc. 155.)
The schooner Maria was captured near Charleston, S. C., by the U. S. steamer Santiago de Cuba.N. Y. Tribune, May 6.
A Reconnoissance in force was made this morning from the right wing of the National army, near Pittsburgh, Tenn., four miles north of Purdy, on the Memphis and Ohio Railroad. The National troops met a force of rebel cavalry, who fled, and were pursued to Purdy. On taking possession of the town, the Union troops burned two bridges and threw a locomotive into the river. Three prisoners were taken, and the Unionists retired, having cut off all railroad communication between Corinth and the North.Baltimore American, May 2.
A. G. Curtin, Governor of Pennsylvania, has issued a general order in acknowledgment of the gallantry of the Seventy-seventh regiment of infantry, Pennsylvania volunteers, Col. F. S. Stambaugh commanding, at Shiloh, Tennessee, and of the First regiment of cavalry, Pennsylvania volunteers, Col. George D. Bayard commanding, at Falmouth, Virginia. He orders that Shiloh, April 7th, 1862, be inscribed on the flag of the Seventy-seventh regiment of infantry, and that Falmouth, April 18th, 1862, be inscribed on the flag of the First regiment of cavalry, and that this order be read at the head of all the regiments of Pennsylvania volunteers.
In the United States House of Representatives, the following resolution was passed by a vote of seventy-five yeas against forty-five nays:
Resolved, That Simon Cameron, late Secretary of War, by investing Alexander Cummings with the control of large sums of the public money, and authority to purchase military supplies without restriction, without requiring from him any guarantee for the faithful performance of his duties, when the services of competent public officers were available, and by involving the Government in a vast number of contracts with persons not legitimately engaged in the business pertaining to the subject matter of such contracts especially in the purchase of arms for future deliveryhas adopted a policy highly injurious to the public service, and deserving the censure of this House.
The report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, in reference to the treatment by the rebels at Manassas of the remains of officers and soldiers of the United States killed in battle there, was made public.(Doc. 155.)
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May 1, 1862.
At Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee, a general order was issued transferring Major General Thomass division from the Army of the Ohio to the Army of Tennessee, and Major-General Thomas to the command of the army formerly under General Grant, of which the divisions of Generals McClernand and Wallace were to constitute a reserve, under General McClernand. Major-General Grant retained command of his district, including the army corps of Tennessee, but acted as second in command under the Major General Commanding the Department.
The rebel schooner Sarah, while endeavoring to run the blockade of Bulls Bay, South-Carolina, was chased ashore by a party of the crew of the United States vessel Onward, under the command of Acting Master Sleeper. The rebel crew escaped after setting fire to the schooner.
At Corinth, Mississippi, four hundred Germans from a Louisiana regiment, who had been sent out from the rebel camp on outpost duty, came into the National lines in a body with white flags on their guns, and gave themselves up as deserters.
The United States steamer Mercedita, Commander Stellwagen, on the twenty-seventh of April, about fifteen miles north of Hole in the Wall, captured the steamer Bermuda, laden with articles contraband of war, among which were forty-two thousand pounds of powder, seven field-carriages, and a number of cannon, swords, pistols, shells, fuses, cartridges, military stores, saltpetre, saddles, ingots of tin, etc. She was taken into Philadelphia for adjudication.
This evening, the rebel Colonel Morgan, with his squadron, attacked the train of Gen. Mitchel, near Pulaski, Giles County, Tenn., and captured sixty wagons and about two hundred and seventy unarmed National troops. Morgan not having the means of moving the prisoners, released them on parole.Shelbyville (Tenn.) News, May 8.
Yesterday General O. M. Mitchel occupied Huntsville, Alabama, after a lively engagement with seven thousand of the rebel infantry and cavalry.National Intelligencer, May 3.
Intelligence was received of a battle at Poralto, Texas, on the fifteenth of April, between the National forces, under General Canby, and a party of Texans who had fortified themselves at that place. The rebels were defeated. General Canbys loss was twenty-five killed and wounded.Missouri Republican, May 2.
General Robert Anderson and Sergeant Peter Hart, received medals from the New-York Chamber of Commerce, in honor of the heroic defence of Fort Sumter.
The following instructions were sent to the flag-officer of each of the blockading squadrons from the Navy Department at Washington:
Sir: The approach of the hot and sickly season upon the Southern coast of the United States renders it imperative that every precaution should be used by the officers commanding vessels to continue the excellent sanitary condition of their crews. The large number of persons known as contrabands flocking to the protection of the United States flag, affords an opportunity to provide in every department of a ship, especially for boats crews, acclimated labor. The flag-officers are required to obtain the services of these persons for the country, by enlisting them freely in the navy, with their consent, rating them as boys, at eight dollars, nine dollars, and ten dollars per month, and one ration. Let a monthly return be made of the number of this class of persons employed on each vessel under your command.
Brigadier-general William T. Sherman was confirmed by the United States Senate as Major-General of volunteers.[1]
General Butler began the debarkation of the troops of his command at New-Orleans, and by proclamation declared the object and purposes of the United States in taking possession of that city to restore order, maintain public tranquillity, and enforce peace and quiet.(Doc. 1.)
Last Sunday afternoon, April twenty-seventh, a skirmish took place near Hortons Mills, ten miles from Newbern, N. C, on the Pollockville road, between a party of cavalry belonging to the One Hundred and Third New-York regiment and a body of rebel cavalry, resulting in the defeat and dispersion of the rebels, with a loss of three killed and ten prisoners. The Union casualties were private Sanders, company C, killed, and three officers, and the same number of privates wounded.Newbern Progress.
Yesterday the Union siege-batteries opened their fire against the rebel works at Yorktown, Va.N. Y. Herald, May 8.
A Fight took place at Clarks Hollow, Va., between company C, of the Twenty-third Ohio infantry, under the command of Captain J. W. Stiles, and a party of rebel bushwhackers belonging to the band of the notorious Capt Foley, resulting in the defeat of the latter.(Doc. 3.)
[1] General Halleck, in a despatch to the Secretary of War, urged the promotion of General William T. Sherman, on account of his Important services at the battle of Shiloh, as follows:
It is the unanimous opinion here, that Brig.-Gen. W. T. Sherman saved the fortunes of the day on the sixth, and contributed largely to the glorious victory of the seventh. He was in the thickest of the fight on both days, having three horses killed under him and being wounded twice. I respectfully request that he be made a Major-General of volunteers, to date from the sixth instant.
At Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee, a general order was issued transferring Major General Thomass division from the Army of the Ohio to the Army of Tennessee, and Major-General Thomas to the command of the army formerly under General Grant, of which the divisions of Generals McClernand and Wallace were to constitute a reserve, under General McClernand. Major-General Grant retained command of his district, including the army corps of Tennessee, but acted as second in command under the Major General Commanding the Department.
The rebel schooner Sarah, while endeavoring to run the blockade of Bulls Bay, South-Carolina, was chased ashore by a party of the crew of the United States vessel Onward, under the command of Acting Master Sleeper. The rebel crew escaped after setting fire to the schooner.
At Corinth, Mississippi, four hundred Germans from a Louisiana regiment, who had been sent out from the rebel camp on outpost duty, came into the National lines in a body with white flags on their guns, and gave themselves up as deserters.
The United States steamer Mercedita, Commander Stellwagen, on the twenty-seventh of April, about fifteen miles north of Hole in the Wall, captured the steamer Bermuda, laden with articles contraband of war, among which were forty-two thousand pounds of powder, seven field-carriages, and a number of cannon, swords, pistols, shells, fuses, cartridges, military stores, saltpetre, saddles, ingots of tin, etc. She was taken into Philadelphia for adjudication.
This evening, the rebel Colonel Morgan, with his squadron, attacked the train of Gen. Mitchel, near Pulaski, Giles County, Tenn., and captured sixty wagons and about two hundred and seventy unarmed National troops. Morgan not having the means of moving the prisoners, released them on parole.Shelbyville (Tenn.) News, May 8.
Yesterday General O. M. Mitchel occupied Huntsville, Alabama, after a lively engagement with seven thousand of the rebel infantry and cavalry.National Intelligencer, May 3.
Intelligence was received of a battle at Poralto, Texas, on the fifteenth of April, between the National forces, under General Canby, and a party of Texans who had fortified themselves at that place. The rebels were defeated. General Canbys loss was twenty-five killed and wounded.Missouri Republican, May 2.
General Robert Anderson and Sergeant Peter Hart, received medals from the New-York Chamber of Commerce, in honor of the heroic defence of Fort Sumter.
The following instructions were sent to the flag-officer of each of the blockading squadrons from the Navy Department at Washington:
Sir: The approach of the hot and sickly season upon the Southern coast of the United States renders it imperative that every precaution should be used by the officers commanding vessels to continue the excellent sanitary condition of their crews. The large number of persons known as contrabands flocking to the protection of the United States flag, affords an opportunity to provide in every department of a ship, especially for boats crews, acclimated labor. The flag-officers are required to obtain the services of these persons for the country, by enlisting them freely in the navy, with their consent, rating them as boys, at eight dollars, nine dollars, and ten dollars per month, and one ration. Let a monthly return be made of the number of this class of persons employed on each vessel under your command.
Brigadier-general William T. Sherman was confirmed by the United States Senate as Major-General of volunteers.[1]
General Butler began the debarkation of the troops of his command at New-Orleans, and by proclamation declared the object and purposes of the United States in taking possession of that city to restore order, maintain public tranquillity, and enforce peace and quiet.(Doc. 1.)
Last Sunday afternoon, April twenty-seventh, a skirmish took place near Hortons Mills, ten miles from Newbern, N. C, on the Pollockville road, between a party of cavalry belonging to the One Hundred and Third New-York regiment and a body of rebel cavalry, resulting in the defeat and dispersion of the rebels, with a loss of three killed and ten prisoners. The Union casualties were private Sanders, company C, killed, and three officers, and the same number of privates wounded.Newbern Progress.
Yesterday the Union siege-batteries opened their fire against the rebel works at Yorktown, Va.N. Y. Herald, May 8.
A Fight took place at Clarks Hollow, Va., between company C, of the Twenty-third Ohio infantry, under the command of Captain J. W. Stiles, and a party of rebel bushwhackers belonging to the band of the notorious Capt Foley, resulting in the defeat of the latter.(Doc. 3.)
[1] General Halleck, in a despatch to the Secretary of War, urged the promotion of General William T. Sherman, on account of his Important services at the battle of Shiloh, as follows:
It is the unanimous opinion here, that Brig.-Gen. W. T. Sherman saved the fortunes of the day on the sixth, and contributed largely to the glorious victory of the seventh. He was in the thickest of the fight on both days, having three horses killed under him and being wounded twice. I respectfully request that he be made a Major-General of volunteers, to date from the sixth instant.
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battles / skirmishes for May 1862
1-Clark's Hollow, W.VA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 21 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
3-Framington, MS
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 12 Wounded
C.S.A.- 30 Killed, 0 Wounded
4-Licking, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Cheese Cake Church, VA
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
5-Lebanon, TN
U.S.A.- 6 Killed, 25 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 0 Wounded
65 Missing or Captured
Lockridge Mills, KY -or-
Dresden, KY
U.S.A.- 4 Killed, 16 Wounded
68 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Williamsburg, VA
U.S.A.- 456 Killed,1400 Wounded
372 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- 510 Killed, 490 Wounded
7-West Point, VA -or-
Eltham's Landing, VA
U.S.A.- 49 Killed, 104 Wounded
41 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Somerville Heights, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 7 Wounded
24 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
8-McDowell, VA -or-
Bull Pasture, VA
U.S.A.- 28 Killed, 225 Wounded
C.S.A.- 100 Killed, 200 Wounded
Glendale, MS -or-
Corinth, MS
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 4 Wounded
C.S.A.- 30 Killed, 0 Wounded
9-Elkton Station, AL -or-
Athens, AL
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 0 Wounded
43 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- 13 Killed, 0 Wounded
Slatersville, VA -or-
New Kent Court House, VA
U.S.A.- 4 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 10 Killed, 14 Wounded
10-Fort Pillow, TN -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 1 Wounded
11-Bloomfield, MO
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
13-Monterey, TN
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 3 Wounded
15-Linden, VA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 3 Wounded
14 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Fort Darling, VA -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 12 Killed, 14 Wounded
C.S.A.- 7 Killed, 8 Wounded
Chaulk Bluffs, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Butler, MO
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
15-Princeton, W.VA
to U.S.A.- 30 Killed, 70 Wounded
18-C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 14 Wounded
17-Corinth, MS
U.S.A.- 10 Killed, 31 Wounded
C.S.A.- 12 Killed, 0 Wounded
19-Searcy Landing, AR
U.S.A.- 18 Killed, 27 Wounded
C.S.A.- 50 Killed, 100 Wounded
Clinton, NC
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 5 Wounded
C.S.A.- 9 Killed, 0 Wounded
21-Phillip's Creek, MS
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
22-Florida, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
New Bern, NC
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 8 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
23-Lewisburg, VA
U.S.A.- 14 Killed, 16 Wounded
C.S.A.- 40 Killed, 66 Wounded
100 Missing or Captured
Front Royal, VA
U.S.A.- 32 Killed, 122 Wounded
750 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Buckton Station, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 6 Wounded
C.S.A.- 12 Killed, 0 Wounded
Fort Craig, NM
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
24-New Bridge, VA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 10 Wounded
C.S.A.- 20 Killed, 40 Wounded
27 Missing or Captured
Chickahominy, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 4 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
25-Winchester, VA
U.S.A.- 38 Killed, 155 Wounded
711 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
27-Hanover Court House, VA
U.S.A.- 53 Killed, 344 Wounded
C.S.A.- 50 Killed, 150 Wounded
730 Missing or Captured
Big Indian Creek, AR -or-
Seary Landing, AR
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 5 Killed, 25 Wounded
Osceola, MO
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
28-Wardensville, VA
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 3 Wounded
29-Pocataligo, SC
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 9 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
30-Boonville, MS
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.-2000 Missing or Captured
Front Royal, VA
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 8 Wounded
C.S.A.- 156 Missing or Captured
31-Neosho, MO
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Washington, NC
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 3 Killed, 2 Wounded
31-Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, VA
to U.S.A.- 890 Killed,3627 Wounded
6/1- 1222 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.-2800 Killed,3897 Wounded
1300 Missing or Captured
Brig.Gen. Hatton Killed
1-Clark's Hollow, W.VA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 21 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
3-Framington, MS
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 12 Wounded
C.S.A.- 30 Killed, 0 Wounded
4-Licking, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Cheese Cake Church, VA
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
5-Lebanon, TN
U.S.A.- 6 Killed, 25 Wounded
C.S.A.- 0 Killed, 0 Wounded
65 Missing or Captured
Lockridge Mills, KY -or-
Dresden, KY
U.S.A.- 4 Killed, 16 Wounded
68 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Williamsburg, VA
U.S.A.- 456 Killed,1400 Wounded
372 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- 510 Killed, 490 Wounded
7-West Point, VA -or-
Eltham's Landing, VA
U.S.A.- 49 Killed, 104 Wounded
41 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Somerville Heights, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 7 Wounded
24 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
8-McDowell, VA -or-
Bull Pasture, VA
U.S.A.- 28 Killed, 225 Wounded
C.S.A.- 100 Killed, 200 Wounded
Glendale, MS -or-
Corinth, MS
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 4 Wounded
C.S.A.- 30 Killed, 0 Wounded
9-Elkton Station, AL -or-
Athens, AL
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 0 Wounded
43 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- 13 Killed, 0 Wounded
Slatersville, VA -or-
New Kent Court House, VA
U.S.A.- 4 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 10 Killed, 14 Wounded
10-Fort Pillow, TN -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 1 Wounded
11-Bloomfield, MO
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 1 Killed, 0 Wounded
13-Monterey, TN
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 3 Wounded
15-Linden, VA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 3 Wounded
14 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Fort Darling, VA -NAVAL-
U.S.A.- 12 Killed, 14 Wounded
C.S.A.- 7 Killed, 8 Wounded
Chaulk Bluffs, MO
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Butler, MO
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
15-Princeton, W.VA
to U.S.A.- 30 Killed, 70 Wounded
18-C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 14 Wounded
17-Corinth, MS
U.S.A.- 10 Killed, 31 Wounded
C.S.A.- 12 Killed, 0 Wounded
19-Searcy Landing, AR
U.S.A.- 18 Killed, 27 Wounded
C.S.A.- 50 Killed, 100 Wounded
Clinton, NC
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 5 Wounded
C.S.A.- 9 Killed, 0 Wounded
21-Phillip's Creek, MS
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
22-Florida, MO
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
New Bern, NC
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 8 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
23-Lewisburg, VA
U.S.A.- 14 Killed, 16 Wounded
C.S.A.- 40 Killed, 66 Wounded
100 Missing or Captured
Front Royal, VA
U.S.A.- 32 Killed, 122 Wounded
750 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Buckton Station, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 6 Wounded
C.S.A.- 12 Killed, 0 Wounded
Fort Craig, NM
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
24-New Bridge, VA
U.S.A.- 1 Killed, 10 Wounded
C.S.A.- 20 Killed, 40 Wounded
27 Missing or Captured
Chickahominy, VA
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 4 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
25-Winchester, VA
U.S.A.- 38 Killed, 155 Wounded
711 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
27-Hanover Court House, VA
U.S.A.- 53 Killed, 344 Wounded
C.S.A.- 50 Killed, 150 Wounded
730 Missing or Captured
Big Indian Creek, AR -or-
Seary Landing, AR
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- 5 Killed, 25 Wounded
Osceola, MO
U.S.A.- 3 Killed, 2 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
28-Wardensville, VA
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.- 2 Killed, 3 Wounded
29-Pocataligo, SC
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 9 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
30-Boonville, MS
U.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
C.S.A.-2000 Missing or Captured
Front Royal, VA
U.S.A.- 5 Killed, 8 Wounded
C.S.A.- 156 Missing or Captured
31-Neosho, MO
U.S.A.- 2 Killed, 3 Wounded
C.S.A.- Casualties Not Reported
Washington, NC
U.S.A.- 0 Killed, 1 Wounded
C.S.A.- 3 Killed, 2 Wounded
31-Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, VA
to U.S.A.- 890 Killed,3627 Wounded
6/1- 1222 Missing or Captured
C.S.A.-2800 Killed,3897 Wounded
1300 Missing or Captured
Brig.Gen. Hatton Killed
farmersdaughter
im not dickens
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May 2 1862
Secretary Seward informed the foreign ministers that the post routes were reopened to New-Orleans and other places which having heretofore been seized by insurgent forces, have since been recovered, and are now reoccupied by the land and naval forces of the United States; also that a collector had been appointed for New Orleans, and that preparations were being made to modify the blockade.
This night, the steamer Edward Wilson was fired into by rebel cavalry, six miles below Savanah, Tenn., wounding five soldiers. The gunboat Tyler immediately went down and shelled the woods, and notified the people of the vicinity that their property would be burned on the repetition of the occurrence.
At Corinth, Miss., General Beauregard issued the following address to his troops: Soldiers of Shiloh and Elkhorn! We are about to meet once more in the shock of battle, the invaders of our soil, the despoilers of our homes, the disturbers of our family ties, face to face, hand to hand. We are to decide whether we are to be freemen or vile slaves of those who are free only in name, and who but yesterday were vanquished, although in largely superior numbers, in their own encampment, on the ever memorable field of Shiloh. Let the impending battle decide our fate, and add a more illustrious page to the history of our revolutionone to which our children will point with noble pride, saying: Our fathers were at the battle of Corinth.
I congratulate you on your timely junction. With your mingled banners, for the first time during this war, we shall meet the foe in strength that should give us victory. Soldiers, can the result be doubtful? Shall we not drive back into Tennessee the presumptuous mercenaries collected for our subjugation. One more manly effort, and, trusting in God and the justness of our cause, we shall recover more than we have lately lost Let the sound of our victorious guns be reechoed by those of the army of Virginia on the historic battle-field of Yorktown.
Secretary Seward informed the foreign ministers that the post routes were reopened to New-Orleans and other places which having heretofore been seized by insurgent forces, have since been recovered, and are now reoccupied by the land and naval forces of the United States; also that a collector had been appointed for New Orleans, and that preparations were being made to modify the blockade.
This night, the steamer Edward Wilson was fired into by rebel cavalry, six miles below Savanah, Tenn., wounding five soldiers. The gunboat Tyler immediately went down and shelled the woods, and notified the people of the vicinity that their property would be burned on the repetition of the occurrence.
At Corinth, Miss., General Beauregard issued the following address to his troops: Soldiers of Shiloh and Elkhorn! We are about to meet once more in the shock of battle, the invaders of our soil, the despoilers of our homes, the disturbers of our family ties, face to face, hand to hand. We are to decide whether we are to be freemen or vile slaves of those who are free only in name, and who but yesterday were vanquished, although in largely superior numbers, in their own encampment, on the ever memorable field of Shiloh. Let the impending battle decide our fate, and add a more illustrious page to the history of our revolutionone to which our children will point with noble pride, saying: Our fathers were at the battle of Corinth.
I congratulate you on your timely junction. With your mingled banners, for the first time during this war, we shall meet the foe in strength that should give us victory. Soldiers, can the result be doubtful? Shall we not drive back into Tennessee the presumptuous mercenaries collected for our subjugation. One more manly effort, and, trusting in God and the justness of our cause, we shall recover more than we have lately lost Let the sound of our victorious guns be reechoed by those of the army of Virginia on the historic battle-field of Yorktown.
farmersdaughter
im not dickens
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May 3 1862
The rebel steamer Bermuda, laden with arms and munitions of war, was taken into Philadelphia.Philadelphia Inquirer, May 4.
The Nashville Union of to-day contains a call, signed by one hundred and fifty influential citizens, assigning Monday, May fourth, for a meeting to take measures to restore the former relations of Tennessee with the Federal Union.
General Paines division of the Union army of the south-west, sent out by General Pope to reconnoitre, found the enemy near Farmington, Mississippi, about four thousand five hundred in number, and in a strong position. General Paine, after a sharp skirmish, drove them from their position, and captured their camp.(Doc. 4.)
At Liverpool, England, Captain William Wilson, of the ship Emily St. Pierre, was presented by the merchants and mercantile marine officers of that place, with a testimonial for his gallantry on the twenty-first of March, in recapturing his ship, which was seized by the United States gunboat James Adger, three days previous, off Charleston, S. C.London Times, May 4.
The rebels evacuated Yorktown and all their defences there and on the line of the Warwick River, at night. They left all their heavy guns, large quantities of ammunition, camp equipage, etc., and retreated by the Williamsburgh road. (Doc. 5.)
The United States gunboat Santiago de Cuba brought into the port of New-York, as a prize, the rebel steamer Ella Warley, captured on her way from Nassau, N. P., to Charleston S. C, laden with arms.
Jeff Davis proclaimed martial law over the Counties of Lee, Wise, Buchanan, McDowell, and Wyoming, Va.(Doc. 94.)
The rebel steamer Bermuda, laden with arms and munitions of war, was taken into Philadelphia.Philadelphia Inquirer, May 4.
The Nashville Union of to-day contains a call, signed by one hundred and fifty influential citizens, assigning Monday, May fourth, for a meeting to take measures to restore the former relations of Tennessee with the Federal Union.
General Paines division of the Union army of the south-west, sent out by General Pope to reconnoitre, found the enemy near Farmington, Mississippi, about four thousand five hundred in number, and in a strong position. General Paine, after a sharp skirmish, drove them from their position, and captured their camp.(Doc. 4.)
At Liverpool, England, Captain William Wilson, of the ship Emily St. Pierre, was presented by the merchants and mercantile marine officers of that place, with a testimonial for his gallantry on the twenty-first of March, in recapturing his ship, which was seized by the United States gunboat James Adger, three days previous, off Charleston, S. C.London Times, May 4.
The rebels evacuated Yorktown and all their defences there and on the line of the Warwick River, at night. They left all their heavy guns, large quantities of ammunition, camp equipage, etc., and retreated by the Williamsburgh road. (Doc. 5.)
The United States gunboat Santiago de Cuba brought into the port of New-York, as a prize, the rebel steamer Ella Warley, captured on her way from Nassau, N. P., to Charleston S. C, laden with arms.
Jeff Davis proclaimed martial law over the Counties of Lee, Wise, Buchanan, McDowell, and Wyoming, Va.(Doc. 94.)
farmersdaughter
im not dickens
- Joined
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May 4 1862
General McClellan at one oclock this afternoon, sent the following to the War Department:
Our cavalry and horse artillery came up with the enemys rear-guard in their intrenchments about two miles this side of Williamsburgh. A brisk fight ensued. Just as my aid left, General Smiths division of infantry arrived on the ground, and I presume he carried his works, though I have not yet heard.
The enemys rear is strong, but I have force enough up there to answer all purposes.
We have thus far seventy-one heavy guns, large amounts of tents, ammunition, etc. All along the lines their works prove to have been most formidable, and I am now fully satisfied of the correctness of the course I have pursued.
The success is brilliant, and you may rest assured its effects will be of the greatest importance. There shall be no delay in following up the enemy. The rebels have been guilty of the most murderous and barbarous conduct in placing torpedoes within the abandoned works, near Mill Springs, near the flag-staffs, magazines, telegraph-offices, in carpet-bags, barrels of flour, etc. Fortunately we have not lost many men in this manner. Some four or five have been killed and a dozen wounded. I shall make the prisoners remove them at their own peril.
The English steamer Circassian was captured by the United States gunboat Somerset, with a cargo of munitions of war, valued at half a million dollars.N. Y. Herald, May 23.
Rumors of foreign intervention in American affairs still continue. The Paris correspondent of the London Daily News states that the French and English ministers at Washington have received identical instructions to attempt a moral intervention, exclusive of any idea of force. The Paris correspondent of the Independence Belge also reiterates his former statements in reference to intervention. At a meeting at Ashton under Lyne resolutions were adopted calling on the government to recognize the Confederate States. A letter from Mr. Russell to the London Times charges upon Secretary Stanton the trouble to which he was subjected; he also says that General McClellan has expressed himself strongly in reference to the Secretarys conduct to him and to Mr. Russell also.
A Pontoon-bridge was thrown across the Rappahannock River at Fredericksburgh, and General McDowell and staff, with an escort of cavalry, passed over by it and entered Fredericksburgh.N. Y. Times, May 10.
General McClellan at one oclock this afternoon, sent the following to the War Department:
Our cavalry and horse artillery came up with the enemys rear-guard in their intrenchments about two miles this side of Williamsburgh. A brisk fight ensued. Just as my aid left, General Smiths division of infantry arrived on the ground, and I presume he carried his works, though I have not yet heard.
The enemys rear is strong, but I have force enough up there to answer all purposes.
We have thus far seventy-one heavy guns, large amounts of tents, ammunition, etc. All along the lines their works prove to have been most formidable, and I am now fully satisfied of the correctness of the course I have pursued.
The success is brilliant, and you may rest assured its effects will be of the greatest importance. There shall be no delay in following up the enemy. The rebels have been guilty of the most murderous and barbarous conduct in placing torpedoes within the abandoned works, near Mill Springs, near the flag-staffs, magazines, telegraph-offices, in carpet-bags, barrels of flour, etc. Fortunately we have not lost many men in this manner. Some four or five have been killed and a dozen wounded. I shall make the prisoners remove them at their own peril.
The English steamer Circassian was captured by the United States gunboat Somerset, with a cargo of munitions of war, valued at half a million dollars.N. Y. Herald, May 23.
Rumors of foreign intervention in American affairs still continue. The Paris correspondent of the London Daily News states that the French and English ministers at Washington have received identical instructions to attempt a moral intervention, exclusive of any idea of force. The Paris correspondent of the Independence Belge also reiterates his former statements in reference to intervention. At a meeting at Ashton under Lyne resolutions were adopted calling on the government to recognize the Confederate States. A letter from Mr. Russell to the London Times charges upon Secretary Stanton the trouble to which he was subjected; he also says that General McClellan has expressed himself strongly in reference to the Secretarys conduct to him and to Mr. Russell also.
A Pontoon-bridge was thrown across the Rappahannock River at Fredericksburgh, and General McDowell and staff, with an escort of cavalry, passed over by it and entered Fredericksburgh.N. Y. Times, May 10.
farmersdaughter
im not dickens
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May 5 1862
H. M. Rector, Governor of Arkansas, called upon the people of that State by proclamation to take up arms and drive out the Northern troops.(Doc. 6.)
This day the battle of Williamsburgh was fought between the Union forces in the advance toward Richmond, and a superior force of the rebel army under Gen. J. E. Johnston. The Nationals were assailed with great impetuosity at about eight A.M. The battle continued till dark. The enemy was beaten along the whole line and resumed his retreat under cover of the night (Docs. 7 and 96.)
General Butler promised to Louisiana planters that all cargoes of cotton or sugar sent to New-Orleans for shipment should be protected by the United States forces.National Intelligencer, May 30.
Last night, Lieutenant Caldwell, of the light artillery, received information of the return to his home in Andrew County, Missouri, of the notorious Captain Jack Edmundson. For some months past Edmundson had been with the rebel army in Southern Missouri and Arkansas, but had now returned, as was supposed, for the purpose of raising a guerrilla company, stealing a lot of cattle and making off with them.
Lieutenant Caldwell at once proceeded to headquarters at Saint Josephs, and obtained an order to take a sufficient force, and proceed in pursuit of Edmundson and his gang. No time was lost, and the party arrived at the house of the guerrilla just before daybreak. But by some means Edmundson had been informed of their approach, or was on the look-out, and escaped from the house just as the party approached. He was pursued, and so hot was the pursuit, that he dropped his blanket and sword, but reaching some thick brush, managed to escape. The party then proceeded to other parts of Andrew and Gentry Counties, and arrested some twenty men whom Edmundson had recruited for his gang. They were all carried to Saint Josephs and confined. St. Josephs Journal, May 8.
General Dumont, with portions of Woodfords and Smiths Kentucky cavalry, and Wynkoops Pennsylvania cavalry, attacked eight hundred of Morgans and Woodss rebel cavalry at Lebanon, Kentucky, and after an hours fight completely routed them.(Doc. 22.)
D. B. Lathrop, operator on the United States military telegraph, died at Washington, D. C, from injuries received by the explosion of a torpedo, placed by the rebels in the deserted telegraph-office at Yorktown, Va.
The rebel guerrilla, Jeff. Thompson, attacked and dispersed a company of Union cavalry near Dresden, Ky.
H. M. Rector, Governor of Arkansas, called upon the people of that State by proclamation to take up arms and drive out the Northern troops.(Doc. 6.)
This day the battle of Williamsburgh was fought between the Union forces in the advance toward Richmond, and a superior force of the rebel army under Gen. J. E. Johnston. The Nationals were assailed with great impetuosity at about eight A.M. The battle continued till dark. The enemy was beaten along the whole line and resumed his retreat under cover of the night (Docs. 7 and 96.)
General Butler promised to Louisiana planters that all cargoes of cotton or sugar sent to New-Orleans for shipment should be protected by the United States forces.National Intelligencer, May 30.
Last night, Lieutenant Caldwell, of the light artillery, received information of the return to his home in Andrew County, Missouri, of the notorious Captain Jack Edmundson. For some months past Edmundson had been with the rebel army in Southern Missouri and Arkansas, but had now returned, as was supposed, for the purpose of raising a guerrilla company, stealing a lot of cattle and making off with them.
Lieutenant Caldwell at once proceeded to headquarters at Saint Josephs, and obtained an order to take a sufficient force, and proceed in pursuit of Edmundson and his gang. No time was lost, and the party arrived at the house of the guerrilla just before daybreak. But by some means Edmundson had been informed of their approach, or was on the look-out, and escaped from the house just as the party approached. He was pursued, and so hot was the pursuit, that he dropped his blanket and sword, but reaching some thick brush, managed to escape. The party then proceeded to other parts of Andrew and Gentry Counties, and arrested some twenty men whom Edmundson had recruited for his gang. They were all carried to Saint Josephs and confined. St. Josephs Journal, May 8.
General Dumont, with portions of Woodfords and Smiths Kentucky cavalry, and Wynkoops Pennsylvania cavalry, attacked eight hundred of Morgans and Woodss rebel cavalry at Lebanon, Kentucky, and after an hours fight completely routed them.(Doc. 22.)
D. B. Lathrop, operator on the United States military telegraph, died at Washington, D. C, from injuries received by the explosion of a torpedo, placed by the rebels in the deserted telegraph-office at Yorktown, Va.
The rebel guerrilla, Jeff. Thompson, attacked and dispersed a company of Union cavalry near Dresden, Ky.
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