NorthDallas40
Displaced Hillbilly
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- Oct 3, 2014
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If what has been described by Woodward and the person in the Op-ed are true, Is it not Republicans who are attempting to bring these things to light?
How much distain for the messenger one may have doesn't change the purported details.
Taking frustrations out on people on VN for doing like they always do doesn't make them responsible for what appears to be going down with the Republicans in the White House.
What was the margin of error?
How to Calculate Margin of Error: Steps
Step 1: Find the critical value. The critical value is either a t-score or a z-score. If you aren’t sure, see: T-score vs z-score. In general, for small sample sizes (under 30) or when you don’t know the population standard deviation, use a t-score. Otherwise, use a z-score.
Step 2: Find the Standard Deviation or the Standard Error. These are essentially the same thing, only you must know your population parameters in order to calculate standard deviation. Otherwise, calculate the standard error (see: What is the Standard Error?).
Step 3: Multiply the critical value from Step 1 by the standard deviation or standard error from Step 2. For example, if your CV is 1.95 and your SE is 0.019, then:
1.95 * 0.019 = 0.03705
Sample question: 900 students were surveyed and had an average GPA of 2.7 with a standard deviation of 0.4. Calculate the margin of error for a 90% confidence level:
The critical value is 1.645 (see this video for the calculation)
The standard deviation is 0.4 (from the question), but as this is a sample, we need the standard error for the mean. The formula for the SE of the mean is standard deviation / √(sample size), so: 0.4 / √(900)=0.013.
1.645 * 0.013 = 0.021385
That’s how to calculate margin of error!
How to Calculate Margin of Error: Steps
Step 1: Find the critical value. The critical value is either a t-score or a z-score. If you aren’t sure, see: T-score vs z-score. In general, for small sample sizes (under 30) or when you don’t know the population standard deviation, use a t-score. Otherwise, use a z-score.
Step 2: Find the Standard Deviation or the Standard Error. These are essentially the same thing, only you must know your population parameters in order to calculate standard deviation. Otherwise, calculate the standard error (see: What is the Standard Error?).
Step 3: Multiply the critical value from Step 1 by the standard deviation or standard error from Step 2. For example, if your CV is 1.95 and your SE is 0.019, then:
1.95 * 0.019 = 0.03705
Sample question: 900 students were surveyed and had an average GPA of 2.7 with a standard deviation of 0.4. Calculate the margin of error for a 90% confidence level:
The critical value is 1.645 (see this video for the calculation)
The standard deviation is 0.4 (from the question), but as this is a sample, we need the standard error for the mean. The formula for the SE of the mean is standard deviation / √(sample size), so: 0.4 / √(900)=0.013.
1.645 * 0.013 = 0.021385
That’s how to calculate margin of error!