But Saleh and Atmar, who were popular among American officials, were not necessarily on the same page as Karzai when it came to reintegrating Taliban into Afghan society.
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Saleh, who was from the only province the Taliban never conquered, will be replaced by longtime Karzai aide Engineer Ibrahim Speenzada, whose ethnicity is the same as the vast majority of the Taliban.
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Atmar's replacement is his deputy, Gen. Muneer Mangal. In the 1980s, both Atmar and Mangal fought against mujahedeen fighters, many of whom would later become Taliban leaders. But after the mujahedeen took control of Kandahar, Mangal handed over government weapons to their commander, earning at least a small level of trust with future Taliban leaders, according to former senior officials in Kandahar.
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American officials have described them as key figures in the attempt to raise the efficiency of the Karzai government and reduce corruption.
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Just two weeks ago, Saleh accused Pakistan's premiere spy agency, the Inter-Services Directorate, or ISI, of training a suicide bomber who killed four Western colonels in Kabul in May.