Morgan Stanley:
1. Democrats Retain Both the House and the Senate
In the unlikely event that Democrats retain control of both legislative chambers, they would likely continue to pursue President Biden’s policy priorities from the last session. These include additional fiscal stimulus for expanded access to healthcare and housing aid, as well as increased support for lower-income families and children. These spending priorities could lead to revived tax proposals aimed at high earners, who narrowly avoided increases to individual income taxes, capital gains taxes and other wealth-related taxes earlier this year.
In addition, we would expect Democrats to intensify regulatory scrutiny of the financial and technology industries, likely increasing businesses’ compliance costs and weighing on their stocks in the near term. That said, our analysis of past regulatory trends shows such headwinds tend to dissipate within a couple years, with equities in affected sectors rallying back to outperform the broader market.
2. Republicans Win One or Both Houses of Congress
On the other hand, if Republicans win one or both chambers, investors may want to brace for more gridlock—whether between a GOP-controlled legislative branch and a Democratic White House or within a split Congress. Such divided-government scenarios could make it harder to implement major spending initiatives or policy changes over the next two years.
However, even in a more divided government, there could be room for bipartisan cooperation on a number of key policy priorities, with the potential to create new opportunities and risks for investors over the next two years or more. We suggest watching these areas, in particular:
- Increased defense spending: As war in Europe continues, look for bipartisan agreement on potential hikes in federal military spending, as the U.S. seeks to catch up with foreign adversaries. From 2000 to 2020, China boosted annual defense spending by 513%, while U.S. spending rose just 64%, spurring the Biden administration to cite Chinese military growth as a new benchmark for future U.S. military spending. Watch the performance of U.S. aerospace and defense stocks, which have a strong positive correlation with U.S. defense outlays.
- Robust cybersecurity investment: A dramatic ramp-up in cybersecurity threats from abroad, including China, Russia and North Korea, is heightening U.S. government vigilance. Morgan Stanley expects federal spending on cybersecurity to increase over time as cyber-related threats mount, creating a bullish environment for cybersecurity stock valuations.
- Supply-chain “reshoring”: Concerns about inflation-fueling supply disruptions are adding momentum to a broader trend of returning, or “reshoring,” manufacturing to the United States. Federal efforts to strengthen domestic production, such as investments in the U.S. semiconductor industry, are expected to grow. In 2022 and 2023 alone, Morgan Stanley researchers expect capital investment in U.S. factories to increase 7.5%. U.S. semiconductor companies, in particular, could benefit from federal legislation that would incentivize more manufacturing at home.