military, adj. and n.
Pronunciation: Brit. /ˈmɪlᵻt(ə
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ri/ , U.S. /ˈmɪləˌtɛri/
Forms: lME 16 military, 1516 militarie, 1516 millitarie, 16 millitary.
Etymology: < Middle French militaire (c1355 as adjective, earliest in tribun militaire military tribune, 1663 as noun in sense B. 1, 1755 in sense B. 2) and its etymon classical Latin mīlitāris , adjective and noun < mīlit- , mīles soldier, of unknown origin + -āris -ary suffix2. Compare Old Occitan militar (1202 as adjective), Catalan militar (1344), Italian militare (c1336 as adjective, a1712 as noun), Spanish militar (c1440 as adjective, 1734 as noun), Portuguese militar (1454 as adjective). Compare earlier militar adj.
The major senses of the English adjective are attested earlier in Latin and in French. Many of the compounds at Special uses 2 have earlier parallels in Latin and French: with military age compare classical Latin mīlitāris aetās ; with military art compare classical Latin mīlitāris ars (singular), mīlitāres artes (plural); with military discipline compare classical Latin mīlitāris disciplīna , Middle French militaire discipline (1508); with military law compare classical Latin iūs mīlitāris , lēges mīlitāres (plural); in military testament after post-classical Latin militare testamentum (6th cent.). With sense B. 1 compare classical Latin mīlitāris (masculine) soldier.
A. adj.
1. Of or relating to warfare or defence; adapted to or connected with a state of war; designed for military use. Of, relating, or belonging to armed forces or an army (now freq. opposed to civil or civilian).
a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 719 The legioun stont in cohortys x‥The dignite and number of the men Hath in the firste cohors an excellence Of noble blood‥The military cohors‥Thus named it the wise.
a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 909 The legioun is seide haue choorsis x. The military first, or miliary. The best‥men‥therto be necessary.
1582 G. Whetstone Heptameron Ciuill Disc. sig. Si, In Militarie Knowledge, he was experienced, as wel, by seruice in the Field, as in readyng Vegetius and other Aucthors in his Studie.
1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons Ded. 1 b, Our auncient proceedings in matters Militarie.
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Geogr. Hist. Afr. App. 373 His fourth militarie forces, are the Arabians.
1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) 357 Ætius‥caused this marueilous and millitarie Wall then to be builded.
1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion i. xv. Illustr. 244 Excepting those [orders] of Templars‥and such like other, which were more Religious then Military.
1727 J. Arbuthnot Tables Anc. Coins 224 The Expedition of the Argonauts‥was partly mercantile, partly military.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 115 The public ecclesiastical, military, and maritime jurisdictions.
1804 Duke of Grafton Autobiogr. (1898) 3 A parent, who, had he lived, would probably have been as distinguished a character in the civil, as he had shown that he was in the military [i.e. naval] line.
1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan III. 115 Washington would have lost a part, or the whole of‥his military stores.
1850 W. D. Cooper Hist. Winchelsea 37 The Strand Gate‥leading by the new Military road to Rye.
1861 H. L. Scott Mil. Dict. 135 If the camp is to present the same front as the troops in order of battle, 400 military paces will be necessary per regiment of 500 files front.
1902 J. Conrad Heart of Darkness in Youth 56 Here and there a military camp lost in a wilderness.
1935 Economist 10 Aug. 270/1 Apart from British military aircraft, the openings are for commercial aviation, private flying and export.
1968 A. Storr Human Aggression iii. 27 Even democracies support armies; and military organization is based upon a strict rank order and absolute obedience.
1986 I. L. Lebow in T. C. Bartee Digital Communications ii. 84 Some of this technology is being developed for military satellites.
2.
a. Of, relating to, or characteristic of a soldier or soldiers; used, performed, or brought about by soldiers; befitting a soldier.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. iii. 74 The Pretorian legions‥began to become rulers over their maisters, vnder pretext of such a Militarie gift.
1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 17 Which he must weare to honour the Militarie profession.
1611 T. Heywood Golden Age ii. sig. D, Train'd my youth, In feats of Armes, and military prowesse.
a1616 Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (1623) ii. iii. 30 So that in Speech, in Gate,‥In Militarie Rules,‥He was the Marke, and Glasse‥That fashion'd others.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 119 They esteem luxury, and all other licentiousness, as Military Gallantry.
1667 Milton Paradise Lost iv. 955 Was this‥Your military obedience‥?
1667 Milton Paradise Lost xi. 241 Over his lucid Armes A militarie Vest of purple flowd.
a1718 W. Penn Tracts in Wks. (1726) I. 575 Maugre all the Military Opposition of the Jews.
1776 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music I. 340 With respect to Military Music, the trumpet is mentioned by Homer in a simile.
1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain III. vii. 133 The late military revolution.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 142 Tyrconnel‥knew nothing of military duty.
1904 J. Conrad Nostromo ii. iv. 136 And when he rode slowly through the streets during some military display, the contemptuous good humour of his solitary eye roaming over the crowds extorted the acclamations of the populace.
1950 M. Marples University Slang 56 In military slang more recently a private tutor's pupils were known as crammer's pups (1923), by a pleasing combination of abbreviation and pun.
1970 Cape Times 28 Oct. 22/4 (advt.) A vacancy‥for a young matriculant male who has completed his military training.
1995 Legion Apr. 59/3 A military parade became an annual event with the start of the Candian National Exhibition in 1879.
b. Of fashion, colours, etc.: resembling the clothes worn by soldiers. Occurring earliest in military heel n. at Special uses 2.
1817 T. H. Bayly Rough Sketches Bath & Other Poems i. 54 With boots and military heels, Some love to guide their tandem wheels, And dash along the Crescent.
1847 Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxxvii. 370 Withers, no longer the wan, stood upright in a pigeon-breasted jacket and military trowsers.
1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 188/2 Ladies' Single Military Cape Mackintosh. Made from extra fine all wool.
1971 Melody Maker 13 Nov. 50 (advt.) New cotton drill loons and military trousers.
1982 R. Ingalls Mrs Caliban 14 A species of military hat composed of metallic-painted cardboard, red glitterdust, and side rosettes.
1985 D. Johnson Fiskadoro i. 5 Mr. Cheung knew by the faded military olive of this little boy's shorts that he'd come from the village.
3.
a. Of an individual: having the characteristics of a soldier; soldierly. Of a person's attitude, bearing, or conduct: characteristic of a soldier.
1598 Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. i. 35 Most millitarie sir salutation.
1612 Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 235 Walled Towns,‥Ordinance, and Artillerie, they are all but a Sheep in a Lions skin, except the breed and disposition of the people be militarie.
1734 Pennsylvania Gaz. 13 Mar. 2/1 The Military Spirit seeming to revive among us, I would recommend to you, [etc.].
1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 139 Man is a military animal, Glories in gunpowder, and loves parade.
1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. 64 He was a man too military to be warlike.
1901 S. Dark Stage Silhouettes 87 Archer‥is a tallish man, with a military walk and bearing, and a strong, characterful face.
1932 R. Kipling Limits & Renewals 80, I was monolithically military.
1952 J. Steinbeck East of Eden iii. 18 Cyrus developed an excellent military mind.
1981 B. Ashley Dodgem iv. 80 Adult hands, stronger than Simon had ever realised, held him in a tight, military grip.
b. Of a person, class of people, etc.: engaged in the life of a soldier; belonging to the army. Also in extended use.
a1616 Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. i. 62 The Throngs of Militarie men.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 45 That dependancy which all military men already had on him.
1682 Dryden Medall 11 Thy military Chiefs are brave and true.
1756 G. Washington Let. 23 Sept. in Writings (1931) I. 467 And my surprise is yet increased, when I consider how cautiously worded the act of Parliament is, to preserve the rights and liberties of the people against this arbitary proceedings of the military officers.
1781 Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xvii. 43 Under their orders thirty-five military commanders were stationed in the provinces.
1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1818) II. xvii. 65 When the military ants before alluded to go upon their expeditions.
1866 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. (1878) ix. 135 He had the carriage of a military man.
1910 W. James Mem. & Stud. (1911) xi. 275 The militarily patriotic and romantic-minded everywhere, and especially the professional military class, refuse to admit for a moment that war may be a transitory phenomenon in social evolution.
1958 M. Pugh Wilderness of Monkeys 37 Not much crumpet here, tonight, Maguire said, smiling lecherously at the military man's companion.
1991 M. E. Wertsch Military Brats x. 344 Even where a military parent is blatantly and unselfconsciously racist, the children are likely to grow up much more open-minded.
B. n.
1. A member of the military, esp. an officer in the army. rare.
1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. 176 A certain Military's Wife has had more Darts for him than is necessary.
1804 A. Seward Mem. Dr. Darwin 149 Fox-hunting esquires, dashing militaries, and pedantic gownsmen.
1837 Lett. from Madras (1843) 94 The civilians all expect to come to us‥; and the militaries go to Captain Price.
1962 Listener 1 Nov. 723/3 A few splendid portraits of the Austrian court nobility and of the high militaries.
1993 Jrnl. Milit. Hist. 57 568 He suggests that the regular militaries did not understand the role that could be played by the guerrillas.
2. With pl. or sing. concord. Usu. with the. The armed forces (of a country); soldiers or military personnel, esp. regarded as a class.
1757 J. H. Grose Voy. E.-Indies x. 202 None‥of the Parsees, either meddle at all with the government, or with the military.
1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 93/1 The military marched down to the ship.
1775 Tender Father I. 189 Even to the gentlemen in the military,‥Mr. N would not allow of any material excuses.
1813 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 76 The whole escorted by 400 military.
1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 16 Their procession was interrupted by the military.
1904 W. T. Mills Struggle for Existence ix. 114 The military had‥ceased to be in any way a source of income to the state.
1965 Malcolm X Autobiogr. (1968) ix. 226 Sophia's husband had gotten out of the military, and he was some sort of salesman.
1972 F. Fitzgerald Fire in Lake xii. 346 The U.S. military was at the same time bombing, defoliating, and moving villages.
1990 Independent 31 Oct. 11 (heading) The military ponders a worst-case scenario.