The only government the book seems to be critical of is the local deputies in the California towns where all the migrants are living and trying to work. The federal government didn't seem to get much criticism. In fact, there is a government camp where migrants are able to go that is described as somewhat of a utopia (at least by comparison to the hoovervilles that they were used to). All of the ills of the era seem to be blamed primarily on greedy capitalists and the selfishness of men, to which the antidote is a re-dedication to the collective or greater good. The crop burning is touched on and Steinbeck is very critical of that, but he seems like he puts more of the blame on the land owners/banks than the Agricultural Adjustment Administration.
Even the meanings of the titles of the books suggest polar opposite views pertaining to individualism vs collectivism. Atlas Shrugging represents the strongest individual pillars of society giving up his efforts to prop up his fellow man. The title of Grapes of Wrath glorifies the anger and wrath of the collective group against the seemingly unjust system of capitalism.
I realize that Steinbeck was trying to be critical of capitalism, but like Rand, he seems to actually be demonizing the crony capitalism that comes from government intervention in free markets. In that way, the two are similar, however, Steinbeck never really makes that connection. He simply lumps in capitalism with cronyism and blames it on the selfishness of the business owners.