Consider that light, sweet crude trading on the NYMEX changed hands at $79.20 a barrel four months ago but soared past $105 a barrel Tuesday, partly on news that Iran would halt shipment of oil to Britain and France. The problem: Those countries already had stopped buying Iranian oil. And Didier Houssin, the International Energy Agency's director for energy markets and security, noted a Wall Street Journal report that "there are alternative supplies that can make up for any loss of Iranian exports."
Still, oil prices shot up because crude trades in financial markets, where Wall Street firms and other big financial players dominate trading, even though they have no intention of taking possession of the oil.
Because oil prices are the biggest component in gasoline prices, pump prices are soaring. AAA on Tuesday said the nationwide average price for gasoline was $3.57, compared with $3.38 a month ago and $3.17 a year ago. It takes about $6 more to fill up the tank than it did this time last year.
Defining what percentage of today's high oil and gasoline prices is due to excessive speculation, driven by Iran fears, is something of a guessing game.
"I put the Iran security premium at about $8 to $10 (a barrel) at this point, which still puts crude at about $90 or $95," said John Kilduff, a veteran energy analyst at AgainCapital in New York.
The fear premium is the froth above what prices would be absent fears of a supply disruption — somewhere in the $80 to $85 range for a barrel of oil. Even with the inflated cost from Iran fears, prices are at least $10 more than what demand fundamentals would dictate.
Why? Financial speculators.
What would the price of oil be if left to conventional supply-and-demand fundamentals? Canada is the largest supplier of imported oil to the United States, which produces more than half the oil it consumes. Production and delivery costs for a barrel of Canadian oil are about $75 a barrel. The market-fundamentals cost for a barrel is in that ballpark; above that, speculation sets the prices.
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Financial speculators historically accounted for about 30 percent of oil trading in commodity markets; producers and end users made up about 70 percent. Today, it's almost the reverse.
A review of data from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which regulates oil trading, shows producers and merchants made up 36 percent and speculators 64 percent of all contracts traded in the week ending Feb. 14.
Not surprisingly, big Wall Street traders Tuesday projected oil will exceed $112 a barrel; some, such as Swiss giant Vitol, even suggested $150-a-barrel oil is coming. When they dominate the market, speculators' bids can make their prophecies self-fulfilling.