There are good reasons major oil companies have steered clear of Tennessee. About 215 million years ago, under the heat and pressure of a continental collision, the rocks in northern Tennessee began to bend. When they broke -- in a series of long, jagged, parallel lines -- oil and gas migrated from deep in the earth into cracks and folds in the rocks. Prospectors in Tennessee spend lifetimes tracing the patterns of ancient breakage; they call it "chasing fractures."
If there is a reliable scientific way of predicting where oil will be in this terrain, no one has discovered it, said state geologist
Ronald Zurawski. Drilling is shallow and cheap in Tennessee, compared with Texas or Oklahoma, but the biggest discoveries have topped out at 1,000 barrels a day, a payoff too small to attract large companies. Using a vast array of predictive techniques, independent prospectors strike oil about 20 percent of the time --roughly the same rate of success as completely random drilling, Zurawski said.
As a result, the oil business in Tennessee has retained a frontier quality. It's not unusual to hear of oil wells drilled on the advice of dowsers or dream interpreters; every year, a Texan television repairman shows up to search for oil with a tool that resembles a copper bicycle handle with a car antenna on one end and a spring on the other. A 78-year-old Baptist preacher approached a Helenwood driller this spring with specific instructions from God.
"The Lord woke me up," said
Herman Faddis, now a leaseholder in a new drilling operation,
Divine Energy LLC. "He spoke to me in a small, still voice, and said, 'I want to send you to talk to these oil people.'