I've read many reports on the X-47, but I went straight to the site of the company that develops it. It specifically says that the, "X-47 is the first unmanned jet designed to take off from and land on an aircraft carrier." It's right on the front page of northrop grummans site. Just click on the 2...
That quote says that the X-47 is the first unmanned jet designed to take off from and land on an aircraft carrier.
MontereyVol has stated that it is a fact that drones have already been launched from aircraft carriers and destroyers.
These two statements are both possible under 2 scenarios:
1) The drones could have been launched from aircraft carriers and/or destroyers but landed somewhere else.
2) The drones could have been launched from an aircraft carrier and landed on an aircraft carrier but not have been specifically designed to do so. Those crafty military guys could have found a way to do it despite the fact that the drones weren't actually designed for that purpose. Imagine that - the ability to improvise, adapt and overcome.