"In an interview with CNBCs John Harwood, Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT), who is running for the Democratic presidential candidacy, said he could back a 90 percent top marginal tax rate.
Harwood brought up that some have likened efforts to combat income inequality to Nazi Germany. Sanders noted sarcastically, When radical, socialist Dwight D. Eisenhower was president, I think the highest marginal tax rate was something like 90 percent.
Harwood followed up by asking, When you think about something like 90 percent, you dont think thats obviously too high? to which Sanders replied, No.
He continued, What I think is obscene is when you have the top one-tenth of one percent owning almost as much as the bottom 90.
Sanders is right that the top marginal tax rate, paid by the wealthiest Americans, was around 90 percent under Eisenhower it was actually 92 percent in the 1950s. Today, the top marginal tax rate is 39.6 percent, although the richest 1 percent end up paying less than that on average and the average rate actually fell for many years.
Republicans have consistently claimed that higher tax rates on the wealthy will hold back economic growth, while lowering rates further will spur it forward.
But thats not likely the case. Last year, economists found that the point at which the top tax rate is high enough to maximize government revenues but not so high that it discourages the rich from trying to earn more is quite high: about 95 percent for the 1 percent. History bears that out.
Economists have pointed out that post-war American growth has been higher during periods with much higher top marginal tax rates and lower when tax rates were substantially lower. When the top rate was more than 90 percent in the 50s, economic growth averaged more than 4 percent a year. But recently when the top rate has been closer to 35 percent, growth has been less than 2 percent a year on average.
The point of higher tax rates isnt just to penalize the rich, of course. They would need to serve a policy function. For Sanders, thats combatting income inequality. If you have seen a massive transfer of wealth from the middle class to the top tenth of one percent, youve got to transfer that back, he told Harwood.
A 90 percent top tax rate could achieve that goal. The same economists who found that the rich can swallow a 95 percent rate also found that a 90 percent tax rate for the 1 percent could significantly reduce the Gini index, a measure of income inequality.
It would also help lower wealth inequality. Meanwhile, everyones wellbeing would improve, rich and poor alike."