is a Level 1 Charging Station?
A Level 1 charging station is the simplest of the three types. The charging cable that comes with the purchase or lease of an EV is essentially a Level 1 charger. These chargers use basic house electrical current—110-120-volt AC—and many simply plug into a standard grounded wall socket using a common three-prong plug.
The simplicity and low cost of Level 1 chargers are appealing, but their downside is slow—sometimes agonizingly slow—battery recharge times. A good rule of thumb for recharging an EV using a Level 1 charger is four to six miles of battery range for every hour of charging. If your EV has 200 miles of range on a full battery, it can take 35 to 50 hours to recharge the car fully.
We recommend using Level 1 charging solutions only with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). With a typical PHEV, you can easily recharge the battery overnight.
What is a Level 2 Charging Station?
Next up on the EV charging station scale is the Level 2 charger. Level 2 units use 240-volt circuits—the kind typically used for electric clothes dryers.
Some Level 2 charging stations are portable and use the special multi-pronged plug and associated outlet used for clothes dryers. Many homes have such a circuit and outlet in their laundry rooms. But, of course, it is inconvenient to unplug your dryer so you can plug in the charger for your electric car.
For that reason, the vast majority of people who install a Level 2 charging station in their home hire an electrician to run a 240-volt circuit to their garage. Once the power is accessible in the garage, consumers can have the charging station "hard-wired" into that circuit. Or they can plug a portable Level 2 charger into that special 240-volt socket in their garage while also enjoying the ability to take the charger on the road with them.
Indeed, hiring an electrician and changing the home's electrical system can be a costly hassle. But the big advantage is much faster recharging rates that speed recharge times. A Level 2 charging station will often recharge an EV battery in a quarter of the time it would take with a Level 1 charging unit, making it the best charging station for people who buy a purely electric car.
You can recharge the battery for an EV with 200 miles of range in about 10 hours or less. Use a Level 2 charging station with a PHEV, and you can recharge in under four hours.
What is a Level 3 Charging Station?
The third type of electric car charging station is a Level 3, and it is designed for commercial use or for those looking to make a quick stop before getting back on the road.
Level 3 charging stations enable DC fast charging (
DCFC), which provides much quicker charging times. Some Level 3 charging stations can bring an EV battery up from discharged to a full charge in an hour or less. Some of the newest EV models offer 400-volt and 800-volt charging architecture, which may allow a high-power battery to replenish from 10 percent to 80 percent in under 20 minutes. That may be lightning-quick, but one can expect Level 3 charging times to get even shorter. The eventual goal is to rival the time needed to fuel a vehicle at a conventional gas station.
Complete installation of a Level 3 charging station could easily cost $50,000. But even if you have that kind of money to spend, it is unlikely that your electricity-supplying utility would authorize a Level 3 charger installation in your home because the electrical grid in many residential areas won't support it.