PKT_VOL
Veni, Vidi, Vici
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Human beings inherently want what is in their own self-interest; self-interest, upon reflection and according to game theory, most often aligns with non-violence. Human beings are also prone to sympathy and empathy, however, the strength of these emotions often correlates with the strength of relation.
Over the course of history, violence (as a percentage of total population) has dropped while for the past 3,000 years, at least, governments, generally, have become less authoritative and totalitarian. Thus, government cannot explain the drop in violence. The three advances that I feel are the leading candidates for the drop in violence are (1) the evolution in farming and storage techniques/technology which has allowed many individuals to move beyond the state of bare subsistence, (2) trade and capitalism, and (3) the republic of letters (the invention of the printing press and spread of ideas).
(1) If one is barely meeting the necessary conditions for existence, then any theft of property is, potentially, a life or death occurrence. Thus, individuals in such a state had to guard their property with violent urgency. Moving beyond that state allows for the possibility of forgiveness and mercy.
(2) It would not be in your best interest to kill those you trade with; likewise, it would not be in your best interest to live in a society that is so dangerous that merchants and traders will not visit your society (Adam Smith has a great historical example regarding just this in Wealth of Nations). Thus, as trade increases, violence decreases (especially, inter-tribal violence, as opposed to intra-tribal violence).
(3) The republic of letters. With the invention of the printing press, books and ideas could be spread far, wide, and cheaply. Moreover, reading literature plays on the sympathy/empathy mechanism; as well, individuals are able to form relationships and sympathize with others that are from different areas and cultures. I think the internet will, ultimately, do much to decrease violence, as now the notion of a 'global community' has some real legs to it.
Maybe I am misinterpreting you, but your first statement in bold doesn't make any sense.
If I understand you correctly, you posit that violence has decreased over the last 3,000 years. I am aware of similar statistics from the mid 15th century til the present day. I will assume you are right on that. The puzzling thing is that you dismiss the type of government as a part of the reason why there has been such a drop off in the rate of violence. As if authoritative and totalitarian governments are more peaceful as a whole than republics. I take issue with that notion.
Secondly, although I believe your three advancements are valid points, I don't believe they tell the whole story. I believe you are way to dismissive, either explicitly or implicitly, of the advancement and proliferation of military technology; chiefly nuclear weapons. There many charts out there which show a staggering drop-off of nation-state war (conflict) causalities since 1945. The trend decreases pretty much every years since then minus relatively small spikes for the Korean and Vietnam wars.