The homestead was an area of
public land in the West
(usually 160 acres or 65 ha) granted to any US citizen willing to settle on and farm the land. The law (and those following it) required a three-step procedure: file an application,
improve the land, and file for the patent (deed). Any citizen who had never taken up arms against the U.S. government (including
freed slaves after the
fourteenth amendment) and was at least 21 years old or the
head of a household, could file an application to claim a federal land grant. Women were eligible. The occupant had to reside on the land for five years, and show evidence of having made improvements. The process had to be complete within seven years.