2.2.1 IMPROPER VERIFICATION OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC SIGNATURE CWE-347
The tested version of ImageCast X does not validate application signatures to a trusted root certificate. Use of a trusted root certificate ensures software installed on a device is traceable to, or verifiable against, a cryptographic key provided by the manufacturer to detect tampering. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to install malicious code, which could also be spread to other vulnerable ImageCast X devices via removable media.
2.2.2 MUTABLE ATTESTATION OR MEASUREMENT REPORTING DATA CWE-1283
The tested version of ImageCast X’s on-screen application hash display feature, audit log export, and application export functionality rely on self-attestation mechanisms. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to disguise malicious applications on a device.
CVE-2022-1740 has been assigned to this vulnerability.
2.2.3 HIDDEN FUNCTIONALITY CWE-912
The tested version of ImageCast X has a Terminal Emulator application which could be leveraged by an attacker to gain elevated privileges on a device and/or install malicious code.
CVE-2022-1741 has been assigned to this vulnerability.
2.2.4 IMPROPER PROTECTION OF ALTERNATE PATH CWE-424
The tested version of ImageCast X allows for rebooting into Android Safe Mode, which allows an attacker to directly access the operating system. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges on a device and/or install malicious code.
CVE-2022-1742 has been assigned to this vulnerability.
2.2.5 PATH TRAVERSAL: '../FILEDIR' CWE-24
The tested version of ImageCast X can be manipulated to cause arbitrary code execution by specially crafted election definition files. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to spread malicious code to ImageCast X devices from the EMS.
CVE-2022-1743 has been assigned to this vulnerability.
2.2.6 EXECUTION WITH UNNECESSARY PRIVILEGES CWE-250
Applications on the tested version of ImageCast X can execute code with elevated privileges by exploiting a system level service. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges on a device and/or install malicious code.
CVE-2022-1744 has been assigned to this vulnerability.
2.2.7 AUTHENTICATION BYPASS BY SPOOFING CWE-290
The authentication mechanism used by technicians on the tested version of ImageCast X is susceptible to forgery. An attacker with physical access may use this to gain administrative privileges on a device and install malicious code or perform arbitrary administrative actions.
CVE-2022-1745 has been assigned to this vulnerability.
2.2.8 INCORRECT PRIVILEGE ASSIGNMENT CWE-266
The authentication mechanism used by poll workers to administer voting using the tested version of ImageCast X can expose cryptographic secrets used to protect election information. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to gain access to sensitive information and perform privileged actions, potentially affecting other election equipment.
CVE-2022-1746 has been assigned to this vulnerability.
2.2.9 ORIGIN VALIDATION ERROR CWE-346
The authentication mechanism used by voters to activate a voting session on the tested version of ImageCast X is susceptible to forgery. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to print an arbitrary number of ballots without authorization.
CVE-2022-1747 has been assigned to this vulnerability.
2.3 BACKGROUND
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS Government Facilities / Election Infrastructure
COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Multiple
COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Denver, Colorado
2.4 RESEARCHER
J. Alex Halderman, University of Michigan, and Drew Springall, Auburn University, reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.