He would be calling for the head of any Christian who asked those question of a Muslim or someone of another faith.
Depends on which side of the party line that person was on, really. Democrats and Republicans are always looking for reasons to call for one another's heads.
So yeah, he should resign if he refuses to admit that he violated the constitution and discriminated against him for his Christian beliefs.
It would be discrimination and despicable, yes. But it's arguable at best wheter or not it's a violation of the constitution. You have to prove that one line of questioning during the course of the confirmation as a whole is equatable to a "test" of his religion. Obviously, it was just an attempt for Sanders to try and make Vought look like a bigot.
You've argued for a very strict interpretation of the constitution in the past in regards to separation of church and state and the 10 commandments in courthouses. You shouldn't pick and choose here just because this time a loose interpretation favors your personal beliefs.
The relevant section of Article VI states:
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States
Is there anywhere there that says someone can't be questioned about their beliefs?
Article VI is about not allowing government someone to be barred from getting a job based on religion alone. It doesn't mean that questions about someone's religion can't ever be asked, if those questions are actually relevant to the job the person is in line for. (I don't think that was the case here).
An example of this point would be this:
A fundamentalist muslim, who proclaims a literal belief in the Quaran, was being confirmed for a position in the Department of Education. It wouldn't be inappropriate to question whether there was a conflict of interest for that person in advancing curriculums of science that teach the heliocentric model of our solar system over the "the sun, earth, and moon all orbiting simultaneously" model of the solar system many fundamentalist muslims believe.
In this type of case, questioning a person about their beliefs can be appropriate because it's relevant to the job they'll have to do and there is legitimate probative value for that question.
And no, I'm far from PC. I thought that would've been clear from the past however many pages of conversation.
Seems to me like you're not PC until it's a matter of your convictions, then often right in line with the average second semester gender studies major