Photo ID laws
See also:
Voter ID laws (United States)
Photo ID laws require voters to present a government-approved photo ID before they may cast their ballots. Countries including
Belgium,
Spain,
Greece,
Italy,
Malta,
[3] and seven US states have such laws, including Indiana and Georgia.
[4] A significant distinction between the United States and these other countries is that national identification is commonplace and a longstanding infrastructure exists to ensure all voters are issued identification at no cost.
[3]
Supporters of photo ID laws contend that the photographic IDs (such as driver's licenses or student IDs from state schools) are nearly universal, and that presenting them is a minor inconvenience when weighed against the possibility of ineligible voters affecting elections.
Opponents argue that photo ID requirements disproportionately affect minority and elderly voters who don't normally maintain driver's licenses, and therefore that requiring such groups to obtain and keep track of photo IDs that are otherwise unneeded is a suppression tactic aimed at those groups.[5]
Indiana's photo ID law barred twelve retired nuns in
South Bend, Indiana from voting in that state's
2008 Democratic primary election. The women lacked the photo IDs required under a state law that was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in April 2008. John Borkowski, a South Bend lawyer volunteering as an election watchdog for the
Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, said, "This law was passed supposedly to prevent and deter voter fraud, even though there was no real record of serious voter fraud in Indiana."
[6][7]
Proponents of a similar law proposed for Texas In March 2009 also argued that
photo identification was necessary to prevent widespread voter fraud. Opponents respond that there is no evidence of such voter fraud in Texas, so no remedy is required, especially if such a remedy would decrease voting by
senior citizens, the disabled, and lower-income residents. Opponents cited a study asserting that 1 million of the state's 13.5 million registered voters do not have a photo ID.
[4]
State Sen. Troy Fraser (R-Horseshoe Bay) said, "Voter fraud not only is alive and well in the U.S., but also alive and well in Texas. The danger of voter fraud threatens the integrity of the entire electoral process." Democratic Caucus Chairwoman Leticia Van de Putte (D-San Antonio) said the proposed law "is not about voter fraud. There is no voter fraud. This is about voter suppression." Texas Attorney General
Greg Abbott (R) spent $1.4 million investigating voter fraud but did not report any cases where a person tried to impersonate an eligible voter at a polling placearguably the only kind of fraud that photo ID laws would prevent.
[4]
Legislation to impose restrictive photo ID requirements has been prepared by the
conservative organization
ALEC and circulated to conservative state legislators
[5].
In 2011, more than 100 Democratic members of Congress urged the
Department of Justice to oppose such legislation, arguing that it "has the potential to block millions of eligible American voters, and thus suppress the right to vote."
[8]