Have not read all the posts from this morning's oral arguments, so forgive me if i rehash anything. Also, disclaimer is I did not hear the whole thing, just bits and pieces and read some post argument commentary.
First, I come at this from the perspective of someone who litigates qualified immunity five days a week, and although there are a lot of difference,s there are also a lot of parallels in the discussion today. Second, I have argued the court one level below the Supreme Court probably 30 times, to the state supreme court on one occasion. Have had a half a dozen petitions to the US Supreme Court I either filed or answered, but none has ever been taken up by them. I am, however, a member of the Bar of that court.
So, the thing I think people need to understand is that the Justices have 98 percent made up their minds before they walked in this morning. There may even have been discussion about who would write what parts of the opinion(s) to be issued. I think there it will probably be 9-0 that there is no absolute immunity.
There may be some appetite for a public vs. private function, or motivation-based distinction so that there can be a qualified immunity of sorts. The discussion I think hides behind that is how does that process work. For cops, for example, I can raise the immunity at a motion to dismiss stage and if I lose in the trial court, take an appeal. Then even if I lose there, I can move for it again prior to trial. And if I lose that, I can appeal a second time. And if I lose all of those, and then try it and lose, I can appeal a third time.
The point is, it is an immunity from suit, itself. So it can be interposed at any point, and repeatedly. The fact that some questions were about the process, i.e. how would such an immunity (focused for example on a claim of public function) actually be raised. And then evaluated. And is it subject to appeal? I think those questions were designed to tease out the impracticality of the distinction suggested by Trump's team.
Let's say you send Seal Team 6 to kill your neighbor. Clearly, that is private. No one is saying you get immunity. What if you send Seal Team 6 to kill a terrorist leader? They would say public. But what if you send Seal Team 6 to kill a fellow politician because you, in good faith, think that person is a Russian spy?
Is it your subjective intent to protect the country that makes it a public function? Is it the mere fact that it was Seal Team 6 -- a military entity -- that makes it public.
So take 1/6 or the fake elector scheme. Is the fact that Trump thought he had won and the election was a fraud, so he was using the means of government to thwart it a public function? Or is it private because he did so to stay in power?
And who decides -- is that a jury question, or a judge one? All interesting questions. But as I say, all 9 of them likely had a very solid sense of how they come down on this some weeks ago.