That is an important distinction to make with respect to Penn State and one with which I tend to agree. What transpired at State College was positively criminal, in the literal sense of the word. However, in my opinion, and I am sure that many contributors to this forum will disagree with it, the NCAA overstepped their authority in handing down the type of penalties they levied against Penn State. A defensible argument can certainly be advanced that they were guilty of a lack of institutional control for covering up Sandusky's crimes, but the NCAA is not a criminal investigative service and, unfortunately, nothing they can do will truly help the victims of these crimes to heal. The most appropriate penalty, in terms of those actually levied, was the massive "fine" imposed to fund programs for the victims of child sexual abuse.