Greater disparity of prisoners, including disparity of sentences for similar offenses, particularly for drugs, which the War on Drugs has done severe damage to poor and minority communities. Historical economic inequality leading to poorer funded schools and a lower lack of access to professions. A lack of legacies in higher education have created more barriers and access to college. Plice harassment and profiling. There's so much. I could write paragraphs, but I'll spare you.
I mean, there are entire books written on this stuff. I highly recommend The New Jim Crow for a far deeper and better explanation of these things.