When the FHA was established (an FDR program, then bolstered by the Truman Admin with VA Loans), red lining was not only allowed it was encouraged. Combined with "urban renewal" this led to the situation today in which we have mostly white suburban areas and mostly African-American inner cities.
The effects of the change in renting to owning, for most white Americans, meant that they were acquiring equity while African-Americans were not. This also led to higher tax revenue basis in the suburbs, in turn to better public schooling, public works projects, etc.
The situation is exacerbated as wealth and net worth, along with better education, was passed down to follow generations of whites, while most African-Americans had to continually start over again, basically on their own.
The "problem" has largely been corrected, as it pertains to red-lining and lending. However, the effects of underfunded school systems and city districts will continue to plague many for a couple more generations.
since abolition till the 1960s statistically every generation of african americans was better off (by education, income [compared to whites], crime, and standing) than the prior generation. Since the mid 1960 this trend has stopped and even arguably decreased. The question is why? Has the culture of bettering themselves been lost in the past 50 years or did the issues you have mentioned either finally catch up with progress or get worse. i have no answer.