I apologize for the length of my post in advance.
There is a ton of misunderstanding about how Stand Your Ground laws work.
Self-Defense Law 101 in Tennessee
""
Tennessee Stand Your Ground Law: (Is Tennessee a Stand Your Ground State?)
Although the words “stand your ground” do not appear in the Tennessee Code, the laws relating to self-defense and the justifiable use of force are commonly known as “Stand Your Ground” laws. These laws authorize an individual to defend themselves against threats and perceived threats while in public, without first retreating. Specifically, the State of Tennessee recognizes a person’s right to use deadly force in self-defense to defend against the criminal use of deadly force against them. Moreover, Tennessee does not require a person to retreat before exercising defensive deadly force, so long as:
- An individual has a reasonable belief that there is an imminent danger of death or serious bodily injury;
- The danger creating the belief of imminent death or serious bodily injury is real, or honestly believed to be real, at the time; and
- The belief of danger is founded upon reasonable grounds.
There are several common misconceptions about self-defense and the use of deadly force. First, while there is no duty to retreat before using force, one cannot be the initial aggressor and must only act in self-defense or in the defense of others. Next, the force employed must be equal to and proportionate to the threat. Third, if employing deadly force in self-defense, there must be a legitimate fear of imminent severe bodily injury or death.
If one is found to have unlawfully threatened or used deadly force in an unreasonable or unjustified manner, criminal charges can range from assault, aggravated assault, reckless endangerment, or even some degree of homicide.
""
So many completely wrong legal stances have been given in this thread, it is scary to think how many of you think you get to kill someone because they are in your home. Your physical response has to match the threat;
the force employed must be equal to the threat.
I think McCullough has a good defense for the actions he took whether in the living room near his door, or even in the stairwell or the area in front of the apartment building. I don't see anything he did being outside the meaning of the law.
An intruder refusing to leave your home or residence is a justifiable reason to physically remove the person with a reasonable/equal amount of force.
Mr.Spencer was a threat when he entered and the threat escalated when he refused to leave the residence. I see absolutely zero implication he was a deadly threat. Those of you declaring you would shoot Spencer and claiming it would be justified in this case are making misplaced legal claims. Shooting Mr. Spencer would be beyond the scope of TN's Stand Your Ground Law. Even McCullough seems to have understood what was going on with Spencer, and correctly understood his level of threat.
These misconceptions about the law are dangerous. I don't think Florida's law, or any other I am familiar with allow for disproportionate violent response for the person acting in their own home. You can't kill someone for being in your home. You can't shoot someone leaving with your property.
I worked a case in the USAF when a property owner shot a 16 year old leaving his home with a television. The thief had stolen about $20 worth of quarters and had a tv while leaving the man's front door when the homeowner (it was a USAF base, so the home was his assigned quarters) surprised and shot the thief. The Assistant Staff Judge Advocates on base did prosecute the man. The Castle doctrine did not apply when the criminal was leaving, and the crime scene clearly showed the thief was leaving, not entering. Trust me, that man was grieved and regretted shooting and killing that teenager. It wasn't because he was prosecuted. He wasn't even talking about that, he was only talking about how he killed someone for no real reason. He regretted killing someone when his life was not in danger. His first instinct was wrong.
Just because Spencer was outside when struck doesn't diminish his real physical threat to J.McCullough and friends. Rasputin_Vol 's highlighted section about curtilage is right on the money. So if Jaylen McCullough roughed Spencer up outside the apartment, that is still a valid self-defense action and 100% reasonable given the level of Spencer's threat to McCullough and the other people in JMcC's apartment. McCullough can take proportionate action against Spencer, and the area where he enters his dwelling, and the stairwell, and the even the area from McCullough's car leading to his apartment would also be attached as part of the Castle Doctrine/Stand Your Ground area he should have an expectation of defending and being cleared of danger. I think his legal defense should be effective based on the Reports posted in the thread, and the supporting statements.
I will say the police report seems to be written professionally and in a neutral tone. Sometimes it is challenging to be neutral when you come to a crime scene.
Had McCullough shot him in his own living room like some of you contend is a valid act, he would be charged with some level of homicide, because Spencer's threat to McCullough was not a life-threatening situation. Killing Spencer would be deemed a disproportionate and unreasonable violent response. None of the witnesses stated a belief Spencer was a threat to their lives. I believe they would have mentioned that if they believed it.
You can say Spencer was a life-threatening danger in McCullough's living room, but expect that threat to be assessed according to the law. The law will look at Spencer's potential for violence. I am guessing he was unarmed, because the police would have searched him prior to taking his statement. If he had been armed, he would be in a world of trouble himself. He would probably have been charged with at least a couple of felonies, if not more.
I think McCullough made good decisions considering his situation. I am unhappy he is being charged with anything, but I am hopeful the charges will be dropped soon.
1. First, while there is no duty to retreat before using force, one cannot be the initial aggressor and must only act in self-defense or in the defense of others.
If charges stem from McCullough being the initial aggressor I would contend Spencer was the initial aggressor by entering the apartment
and not leaving immediately. Him entering the apartment is threatening, but then not leaving is an escalation of the threat. If he had apologized, and left, I don't see any reason to think McCullough would have been violent. His actions of not leaving the premises directly led to McCullough's physical actions.
2. Next, the force employed must be equal to and proportionate to the threat.
I don't see anything here that excludes McCullough's actions. Spencer was in his home and wasn't leaving. So Spencer did not de-escalate his level of threat against the people in the apartment. McCullough punched him. I see that as a proportionate response.
3.
If employing deadly force in self-defense, there must be a legitimate fear of imminent severe bodily injury or death.
There is an obvious danger to McCullough and the other adults in his apartment. I think McCullough acted in a completely reasonable manner, and his level of violence to remove the threat was totally equal and proportionate to the level of threat he faced. That will help him in court, or hopefully, by getting charges dropped.
If we know everything, McCullough should not be prosecuted at all. He should be praised for meeting the threat to his Castle with equal and proportionate actions, as prescribed in the law.