Here are several recent studies dealing with spike protein in the blood with a brief breakdown of each by Dr. William Makis
Persistent Circulating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Is Associated With Post-acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Sequelae (spike in blood of long COVID patients at 12 mo)
Study: looked at 63 long COVID patients and took blood samples up to 12 months after their 1st positive result
Results: 60% Long COVID patients had detectable spike protein in plasma up to 12 months.
In contrast, COVID-19 patients who did not go on to develop Long COVID had no spike detectable. They only had detectable S1 within 1st week after diagnosis.
Theory: authors theorize that “SARS-CoV-2 viral reservoirs may persist in the body”
Problem: some of these patients were COVID-19 vaccinated and they didn’t account for the vaccine status and its effects.
https://www.cell.com/trends/molecular-medicine/fulltext/S1471-4914(22)00189-7 (does vaxx spike get into blood & cause injury?)
After COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, circulating spike protein originates from endogenous production and its concentration will be much higher in tissues where production occurs(!)
Roltgen et al. detected vaxx mRNA and spike in axillary lymph nodes up to 60 days after 2nd dose of Pfizer or Moderna vaccines.
circulating S1 subunit levels from those with severe COVID-19 infection are similar to post mRNA vaccine circulating S1 levels.
Theory: severe COVID-19 infection and mRNA vaccination could result in similar total systemic amounts of S protein (about 72 billion spikes estimated)
most virus spike protein remains in respiratory tract while mRNA vaccine induced spike protein production occurs in internal organs and tissues, which can exert more systemic effects (!!!)
Conclusion: COVID-19 mRNA vaccines under some circumstances induce high and possibly toxic amounts of S protein in organs and tissues, in turn leaking into the circulation.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061025vaxxed vaxxed with myocarditis had full spike in blood)
Study: looked at 16 adolescents ages 12-21 (13 men, 3 women) with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induced myocarditis vs 45 mRNA vaxxed control subjects
Results: full length spike protein (unbound by antibodies) was found in plasma of individuals with vaxx induced myocarditis, but none was found in mRNA vaxxed controls.
elevated spike was seen equally in affected females and males(!!!)
circulating free spike remained detectable at 3 weeks after vaccination
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apm.13294 (vaxx mRNA detected in blood of 10% at 28 days)
In Denmark, Hepatitis C patients were monitored for HCV infection
Study: They extracted RNA from patient plasma in 108 Hepatitis C patients who were COVID-19 mRNA vaccinated
Results: 10% had full length or traces of COVID-19 vaccine mRNA sequences in the blood up to 28 days after vaccination
Theory: authors suspect this mRNA is in LNPs which are being slowly released into the blood from the injection site for up to 28 days!
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/prca.202300048 (spike detected in blood of 50% vaxxed at 6 months!)
Spike protein is one of 4 major proteins of SARS-CoV2, it enables recognition of host cell receptor and entry into the host cell
Both Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines use a modified spike protein - all uridine bases were replaced with methyl pseudouridine (less immunogenic, more stable)
Both Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines also use a stabilized spike (different from natural spike) that differs by a double amino acid change at position 986 and 987, K986P and V987P - the amino acids lysine and valine are both replaced by two proline amino acids in order to stabilize the spike confirmation in an inactive prefusion state (PP-Spike).
researchers can differentiate natural SARS-CoV-2 spike which can be broken down by tryptic digestion, from Pfizer/Moderna vaccine spike (PP-spike) which can’t be digested (because the double amino acid change eliminated the tryptic digestion site).
Study: 20 were vaccinated with mRNA vaccine, 20 were unvaccinated and uninfected with COVID-19, 20 were unvaccinated but positive for COVID-19.
Results: 50% of the mRNA vaccinated still have spike protein in the blood 6 months after vaccination (and will continue, possibly indefinitely)
Theories:
1. mRNA integrates into some blood cells and spike is continuously produced
2. mRNA integrates into bacterial cells in the blood and spike is continuously produced